英和和英

別の表記

• jangal (dated)

語源

Borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi जंगल (jaṅgal) / Urdu جَن٘گَل (jaṅgal)), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala), from Sanskrit जङ्गल (jaṅgala, “arid or sterile region, desert”), from a substrate language. First appears c. 1776 in a translation by Nathaniel Halhed.

発音

• IPA: /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/
• 韻: -ʌŋɡəl

名詞

jungle (countable and uncountable, plural jungles)

1. A large, lush, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, thick with vegetation and wildlife; a tropical rainforest.
   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantyne Books, published 1963, page 81:

     As Tarzan walked down the wild cañon beneath the brilliant African moon, the call of the jungle was strong upon him. The solitude and the savage freedom filled his heart with life and buoyancy. Again he was Tarzan of the Apes—every sense alert against the chance of surprise by some jungle enemy—yet treading lightly and with head erect, in proud consciousness of his might.

2. (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, South Asia) Any uncultivated tract of forest or scrub habitat.
3. (colloquial) A place where people behave ruthlessly, unconstrained by law or morality.

   It’s a jungle out there.

   • 1954, Ian Fleming, “Nigger Heaven”, in Live and Let Die, London: Pan Books, published 1957, page 46:

     'How do you like this corner of the jungle?' He leant forward. 'Just listen in to the couple behind you. From what I've heard they're straight out of "Nigger Heaven".'

   • 1984, Barry Ellem, Doing Time, page 25:

     The first-timer just doesn't know what's going on when he gets to jail. […] It's a jungle, you've got to look after yourself first.

   • 2005, Laura Knight-Jadczyk, The High Strangeness of Dimensions, Densities, and the Process of Alien Abduction:

     But of course, that excludes the narcissistic delusionals, the deliberate frauds, and the pathological cases of multiple personality. They are all out there in New Age Land, and it's a jungle!

4. (figurative) A tangled mess.
   • 1858–1865, Thomas Carlyle, History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:

     […] lost in such a jungle of intrigues, pettifoggings, treacheries, diplomacies domestic and foreign […]

5. (slang) An area where hobos camp together.
6. (music, uncountable) A style of electronic dance music and precursor of drum and bass.
   • 1994 September, Simon Reynolds, “Above The Treeline”, in The Wire‎:

     Always more multiracial than other post-Rave scenes, Hardcore got “blacker” as hiphop, Ragga, dub and Soul influences kicked in, and by 93 it had evolved into Jungle. By this point, Hardcore/Jungle (the terms remain interchangeable) was universally scorned by dance hipsters and banished from the media.

   • 2013, Simon Reynolds, Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture, page 291:

     In large part, happycore was the result of an exodus of white ravers from the jungle scene, in reaction to the influx of black youth and the attendant mood change from bonhomie to surliness.

7. (golf slang) Dense rough.

   Synonym: tiger country

   • 2006, Rob Blumer, Rex Chaney, Essential golf instruction, page 167:

     Hitting from the Jungle. The rough at some courses is just weeds and sparse grass, as often as not giving a player a decent lie to shoot from. But grass above four inches is nasty. It will grab your club and alter your shots.

8. (vulgar slang) A dense mass of pubic hair.

派生語

派生した語

• → Catalan: jungla
• → Czech: džungle
• → Danish: jungle
• → Dutch: jungle
• → French: jungle
  • → Romanian: junglă
• → German: Dschungel, Tschungel
  • → Hungarian: dzsungel
• → Greek: ζούγκλα (zoúgkla)
• → Esperanto: ĝangalo
• → Italian: giungla
• → Japanese: ジャングル (janguru)
• → Korean: 정글 (jeonggeul)
• → Polish: dżungla
• → Russian: джу́нгли (džúngli)
  • → Armenian: ջունգլի (ǰungli)
  • → Georgian: ჯუნგლი (ǯungli)
• → Serbo-Croatian: džungla
• → Slovak: džungľa
• → Slovene: džungla
• → Spanish: jungla
• → Swedish: djungel
• → Ukrainian: джу́нглі (džúnhli)
• → Welsh: jyngl

形容詞

jungle (not comparable)

1. (Of musical beat, rhythm, etc.) resembling the fast-paced drumming of traditional peoples of the jungle.
   • 1939 January 8, The Tribune, Manila, page 13, column 2:

     She gave her first performance at the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles, offering festival dances, Moro tribal rituals, primitive jungle rhythms and rice harvest ceremonials.

   • 2005, Sean Dooley, The Big Twitch, Sydney: Allen and Unwin, page 9:

     Somewhere further up the valley a bunch of hippies were getting back to nature by loading up on mind altering chemicals and overwhelming their senses with five million decibels of digital bass and jungle beats.

参考

• rainforest

Further reading

• Jungle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Article on Jungle (forest)
• Jungle (music) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Jungle in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)