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語源

A contraction of opificium, an old derivative of ops, opis (“power, ability, resources”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɔfˈfɪ.ki.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ofˈfiː.t͡ʃi.um]

名詞

officium n (genitive officiī or officī); second declension

1. duty, service, office

   Synonyms: mūnus, ministerium, negōtium, cūra, cūrātiō

   Exsecūtiō officiī plērumque certum suae ūtilitātis proximae sacrificium implicat.

   The performance of a duty usually involves a certain sacrifice of one's own immediate benefit.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 4.25:

     Atque nostrīs mīlitibus cunctantibus, māximē propter altitūdinem maris, quī decimae legiōnis aquilam ferēbat, contestātus deōs, ut ea rēs legiōnī fēlīciter ēvenīret: “Dēsilīte,” inquit, “mīlitēs, nisi vultis aquilam hostibus prōdere; ego certē meum reī pūblicae atque imperātōrī officium praestiterō!”

     And while our soldiers were hesitating [to attempt coming ashore], especially due to the depth of the sea, the man who carried the eagle of the Tenth Legion, after calling upon the gods to witness that the battle might turn out favorably for the legion, exclaimed: “Jump down, fellow soldiers, unless you wish to betray your eagle to the enemy; I, certainly, shall have done my duty to the republic and my commander!”

2. (figurative) obligation, an obligatory service, visit, or gesture
3. (act of) kindness, favor, courtesy

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

• officialis, officialiter
• officīna

派生した語

参照

• “officium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “officium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "officium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “officium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
    
  • to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: omnes officii partes exsequi
    
  • to fulfil one's duty in every detail: nullam officii partem deserere
    
  • to be exact, punctual in the performance of one's duty: diligentem esse in retinendis officiis
    
  • to neglect one's duty: officium suum deserere, neglegere
    
  • to return to one's duties: ad officium redire
    
  • it is a breach of duty to..: contra officium est c. Inf.
    
  • we are united by many mutual obligations: multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65)
    
  • to be courteous, obliging to some one: in aliquem officia conferre
    
  • to be courteous, obliging to some one: aliquem officiis suis complecti, prosequi
    
  • a most courteous letter: litterae officii or humanitatis plenae
    
  • to reduce a people to their former obedience: aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium...) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to perform the last rites for a person: supremo officio in aliquem fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo satisfacere (Div. in Caec. 14. 47)
    
  • (ambiguous) to do one's duty: officio suo fungi
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: ab officio discedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: de, ab officio decedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to neglect one's duty: officio suo deesse (Fam. 7. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to remain faithful to one's duty: in officio manere (Att. 1. 3)
    
  • (ambiguous) to let oneself be perverted from one's duty: ab officio abduci, avocari
    
  • (ambiguous) without violating, neglecting one's duty: salvo officio (Off. 3. 1. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to keep good discipline amongst one's men: milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4)
    
  • (ambiguous) to keep some one in subjection: aliquem in officio continere
    
  • (ambiguous) to remain in subjection: in officio manere, permanere