a study that compares two groups of people: those withthe disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group ofpeople who do not have the disease or condition (controls). researchersstudy the medical and lifestyle histories of the people in each group tolearn what factors may be associated with the disease or condition. forexample, one group may have been exposed to a particular substance that theother was not. also called a case-control study.
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