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carcer

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/01/16 13:51 UTC )


語源

Derived from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (circular), reduplication of *(s)ker- (to turn, bend) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.

発音

名詞

carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension

  1. prison, jail
    Synonyms: tenebrae, (Mediaeval) carcellāria
  2. jailbird
  3. traps (barriers at start of a horse race)
  4. commencement, beginning
  5. starting gate
    Ad carceres a calce revocari.
    To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative carcer carcerēs
genitive carceris carcerum
dative carcerī carceribus
accusative carcerem carcerēs
ablative carcere carceribus
vocative carcer carcerēs

派生語

  • carcerālis
  • carcerārius
  • carcereus
  • carcerō
  • incarcerō

派生した語

  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: carcere
    • Sicilian: càrziru
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old Catalan: càrcer, carçre
      • Catalan: càrcer
    • Old French: chartre (see there for further descendants)
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Old Leonese: cárcere
      • Asturian: cárcele, cárcel, alcárcel
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel
      • Galician: cárcere
      • Portuguese: cárcere
    • Old Spanish: carcel
      • Spanish: cárcel
  • Borrowings:
    • English: carcerate, incarcerate (learned)
    • German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)
    • Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)
    • Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Brythonic: *karxar
      • Middle Breton: carchar
      • Middle Cornish: carhar
        • Cornish: karghar
      • Middle Welsh: carchar
        • Welsh: carchar
    • Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)
    • Romanian: carceră

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