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日本語WordNet(英和)
claustrum
名詞
Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
claustrum
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/08/14 04:16 UTC 版)
発音
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈklɔːstɹəm/
名詞
- (neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:claustrum.
関連する語
- claustral
- claustrophobia
- claustrophilia
語源
From Proto-Italic *klaudtrom, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂ud- (“key, hook, nail”) + *-trom (“instrumental suffix”). Equivalent to claud- (“to close, enclose”) + -trum.
Related to Latin clāvis (“key”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German slioȥan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkɫau̯s.trũː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈklau̯s.trum]
名詞
claustrum n (genitive claustrī); second declension
- (rare, usually in the plural) a bar, band, bolt
- gate, door, bulwark
- enclosure (confined space)
- cloister (especially in plural)
- (Medieval Latin) portion of monastery closed off to laity
- (New Latin) claustrum (thin lamina of grey matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the human brain)
使用する際の注意点
- Singular forms are almost never encountered; this noun is usually plural.
語形変化
Second-declension noun (neuter).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | claustrum | claustra |
| genitive | claustrī | claustrōrum |
| dative | claustrō | claustrīs |
| accusative | claustrum | claustra |
| ablative | claustrō | claustrīs |
| vocative | claustrum | claustra |
関連する語
- claudō
- claustra
- claustrālis
- claustrāliter
- clāvis
- clāvus
派生した語
Through Vulgar *clōstrum (and its plural *clōstra ):
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: chiostro, chiostra
- Venetan: conostro (Belluno), giostro
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: clostri
- Romansh: caluster, caluoster, culuoster
- Gallo-Italic:
- Old Lombard: chiostre (Milan)
- Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: cllioutre (Aosta)
- Old French: cloistre (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings:
- Early (mostly through the Vulgar form):
- Post-Proto-West Germanic:
- → Old English: clauster, clūstor
- → Old Frisian: klāster
- West Frisian: kleaster
- → Old Saxon: *klōstar
- Middle Low German: klôster
- Plautdietsch: Kloosta
- → Estonian: klooster
- → Latvian: klosteris
- Middle Low German: klôster
- → Old Dutch: *clōster
- Middle Dutch: clôoster
- Dutch: klooster
- Limburgish: kloeaster
- Middle Dutch: clôoster
- → Old High German: klōstar
- Middle High German: klōster
- Alemannic German: Chlooster
- Bavarian: Klosta
- German: Kloster (see there for further descendants)
- Luxembourgish: Klouschter
- → Czech: klášter (see there for further descendants)
- → Slovak: kláštor
- Middle High German: klōster
- Post-Proto-West Germanic:
- Later:
- → Catalan: claustre
- → English: claustrum
- → Friulian: claustri
- → Galician: claustro, caustra (semi-learned)
- → Hungarian: klastrum, kalastorom, kolostor
- → Italian: claustro
- → Occitan: claustra, clastra (semi-learned)
- → Old Norse: klaustr
- Icelandic: klaustur
- Faroese: kleystur
- Norwegian: kloster
- Old Swedish: kloster, kløster
- Swedish: kloster
- → Finnish: luostari
- Danish: kloster
- → Polish: claustrum, klaustrum
- → Portuguese: claustro
- → Romanian: claustru
- → Romansh: claustra, clostra (semi-learned)
- → Spanish: claustro
参考
- claustra
参照
- “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “claustrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "claustrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “claustrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- “claustrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- claustrum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “claustrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
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