英和和英

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈklɔːstɹəm/

名詞

claustrum (複数形 claustra)

1. (neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses^[1]
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:claustrum.

関連する語

• claustral
• claustrophobia
• claustrophilia

参照

Latin

語源

Consists of claud- (“to close, enclose”) +‎ -trum. From Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂ud- (“key, hook, nail”) + *-trom (“instrumental suffix”), related to Latin clāvis (“key”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯s.trum/, [ˈkɫ̪äu̯s̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯s.trum/, [ˈkläu̯st̪rum]

名詞

claustrum n (genitive claustrī); second declension

1. (rare, usually in the plural) a bar, band, bolt
2. gate, door, bulwark
3. enclosure (confined space)
4. cloister (especially in plural)
5. (Medieval Latin) portion of monastery closed off to laity
6. (New Latin) claustrum (thin lamina of grey matter in each cerebral hemisphere of the human brain)

使用する際の注意点

• Singular forms are almost never encountered; this noun is usually plural.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

関連する語

• claudō
• claustra
• clāvis
• clāvus
• claustrālis
• claustrāliter

派生した語

• Vulgar Latin: *clostrum
  • Italian: chiostro, chiostra
  • Old French: cloistre
    • Middle French: cloistre
      • French: cloître, cloitre
        • → Russian: клуатр (kluatr)
        • → Ukrainian: клуатр (kluatr)
    • → Middle English: cloistre, cloister, closter, cloystre, cloyster, clostre, cloistir, cleystir, cloysture
      • English: cloister
      • Scots: closter (< closter)
  • Old Occitan: [Term?]
    • Occitan: clastra
  • Rhaeto-Romance:
    • Friulian: clustris
    • Romansch: clostra
  • Venetian: giostro
• → Catalan: claustre
• → English: claustrum, claustral, claustrophobia
• → Friulian: claustri
• → Galician: claustro, caustra (semi-learned)
• → Hungarian: klastrum, kalastorom, kolostor
• → Italian: claustro
• → Old Norse: klaustr
  • Icelandic: klaustur
  • Faroese: kleystur
  • Norwegian: kloster
  • Old Swedish: kloster, kløster
    • Swedish: kloster
      • → Finnish: luostari
  • Danish: kloster
• → Polish: claustrum, klaustrum
• → Portuguese: claustro
• → Romanian: claustru
• → Romansch: claustra
• → Spanish: claustro
• West Germanic languages (borrowed post-Proto-West Germanic):
  • → Old English: clauster, clūstor
  • → Old Frisian: klāster
    • West Frisian: kleaster
  • → Old Saxon: *klōstar
    • Middle Low German: klôster
      • Plautdietsch: Kloosta
      • → Estonian: klooster
      • → Latvian: klosteris
  • → Old Dutch: *clōster
    • Middle Dutch: clôoster
      • Dutch: klooster
      • Limburgish: kloeaster
  • → Old High German: klōstar
    • Middle High German: klōster
      • Alemannic German: Chlooster
      • Bavarian: Klosta
      • German: Kloster
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic: клоштер, клоштар

          Latin: klošter, kloštar

      • Luxembourgish: Klouschter
      • → Czech: klášter
        • → Polish: klasztor
      • → Slovak: kláštor

参考

• claustra

参照

• claustrum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• claustrum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claustrum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• claustrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to break down the gates: claustra portarum revellere