英和和英

語源

1886, originally for a five-cent US coin (a nickel); use for taxis and buses due to these services originally charging five cents as fare, popularized circa 1915.

The etymology is uncertain; it is believed to originate from Louisiana Creole jetnée, from French jeton (“token, coin-sized metal disc”), though this is disputed. Evidence for the Louisiana Creole French origin includes the geographic distribution (Southeastern US, especially Black/African-American), and early spelling as gitney, which is common French spelling for the /ʒi/ pronunciation.

発音

• IPA: /ˈd͡ʒɪtni, ˈʒiː-/

名詞

jitney (plural jitneys)

1. (US, archaic) Synonym of nickel, a 5-cent coin or amount.
2. Synonym of minibus, especially one with a scheduled fixed route.
3. Synonym of gypsy cab, an unlicensed taxi.
4. Synonym of shared taxi, a taxi usually shared with strangers to maximize profitability per trip.
   • 1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 4, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 3:

     […] I said good-by and took the bags downstairs and hailed a Frisco taxi-jitney, which was an ordinary taxi that ran a regular route and you could hail it from any corner and ride to any corner you want for about fifteen cents, cramped in with other passengers like on a bus, but talking and telling jokes like in a private car.

5. (Canada) An informal lawn bowling, curling, or darts competition in which all players present are randomly drawn into teams.
6. (Can we clean up this sense?) A fraudulent arrangement whereby a broker who has direct access to an exchange executes trades on behalf of a broker who does not.

派生語

形容詞

jitney (not comparable)

1. (US, archaic) Synonym of cheap, very inexpensive.

参照