英和和英

名詞

panarchy (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 panarchies)

1. The individual's right to choose any form of government without being forced to move from their current locale.
   • 1860 article by “Panarchy” de Puydt
2. (systems theory) Dynamic symmetry across multiple scales.
   • 2001, Lance H. Gunderson and C. S. Holling, Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems‎^[1], →ISBN, page 25:

     In panarchies, transformational change can be generated from below or from above.

3. (political science) An inclusive, multilateral system in which all parties may participate meaningfully.
   • 2006, W.A. Knight, “Plurilateral Multilateralism: Canada's Emerging International Policy?”, in Andrew F. Cooper, Dane Rowlands, editors, Canada Among Nations‎^[2], →ISBN, page 100:

     The overlapping governance networks of panarchy have facilitated a context conducive to the above competing multilateralisms.

4. (anarchism, rare) Rule by all; a system of governance in which each person has absolute power.
   • 2001, David Trend, Reading Digital Culture‎^[3], →ISBN, page 148:

     If everyone all at once wanted to know who won the Stanley Cup in 1968 they could have the information simultaneously; cyberspace as the site of Unamuno's panarchy, where each one is king.

5. (rare) Rule of all; absolute or total rule.
   • 1909, Samuel Eagle Forman, A Good Word for Democracy‎^[4], page 91:

     These contentions give rise to systems of political philosophy which range all the way from anarchy to panarchy; from the doctrine that government should do nothing to the doctrine that it should do everything.

6. (poetic, rare) An all-encompassing realm.
   • 1839, Philip James Bailey, Festus: A Poem‎^[5], 1860 ed. edition, page 369:

     Some held that God, and all the heavenly powers, / As with the starry panarchy of space, / Were of one essence, like divine and high;

関連する語

• panarch
• panarchic
• panarchism

参考

• panarchy on Wikipedia.

参照

• Sewell and Salter, 1995, p.373