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語源

From 中期英語 turbulence (“turbidity, cloudiness”), from Late Latin turbulentia (“trouble, disquiet”). By surface analysis, turbulent +‎ -ence.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns/
• ハイフネーション: tur‧bu‧lens

名詞

turbulence (countable and uncountable, plural turbulences)

1. (uncountable) The state or fact of being turbulent or agitated; tempestuousness, disturbance.
   • 2008, Luo Ji, The Dark Forest‎, →ISBN:

     Turbulence was everywhere, within every blade of grass, every drop of dew on a leaf, every cloud in the sky, and every star beyond. The turbulence was purposeless, but in huge quantities of purposeless turbulence, purpose took shape.

2. (uncountable) Disturbance in a gas or fluid, characterized by evidence of internal motion or unrest.
3. (uncountable, aviation) Specifically, a state of agitation or disturbance in the air which is disruptive to an aircraft.
4. (countable) An instance or type of such state or disturbance.
   • 2022 October 3, Kwasi Kwarteng, quotee, “Tory MPs plot to avert welfare squeeze after humiliating U-turns”, in The Guardian‎:

     In a brief and abashed Tory conference speech, Kwarteng admitted it had been a “tough day” – hours after rowing back on the tax cut for high earners. He said his economic plan had caused “a little turbulence”.

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