Judenratとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Judenräte (singular Judenrat; German for "Jewish council") were administrative bodies during the Second World War that the Germans required Jews to form in the German occupied territory of Poland, and later in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union It is the overall term for the enforcement bodies established by the Nazi occupiers to manage Jewish communities in German-occupied areas. While the history of the term itself is unclear, Jewish communities themselves had established councils for self-government as far back as the Medieval Era. While the Hebrew term of "Kahal" or "Kehillah" was used by the Jewish community, German authorities tended to generally use the term Judenräte. The structure and missions of the Judenräte under the Nazi regime varied widely, often depending upon whether meant for a single Ghetto, a region or a country.