英和和英

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin adiuvant-, adjuvant- + English -ant (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘exhibiting a condition or process’; and forming agent nouns). Adiuvant-, adjuvant- are oblique stems of adiuvāns, adjuvāns (“assisting, helping”), the present active participle of adiuvō (“to assist, help; to be useful; etc.”), from ad- (“prefix meaning ‘to; toward’”) + iuvō (“to aid, help; to save”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH- (“to assist, help; to save”)).

Adjective sense 3 (“of a form of therapy or treatment: additional, supplementary”) and noun sense 1.4 (“additive which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient of a drug”) are possibly derived from French adjuvant (adjective, noun).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈæd͡ʒʊv(ə)nt/
• (General American) enPR: 'ăj-ə-vənt, IPA: /ˈæd͡ʒəv(ə)nt/
• ハイフネーション: ad‧juv‧ant

形容詞

adjuvant (comparative more adjuvant, superlative most adjuvant)

1. (formal) Providing assistance or help; assistive, facilitative, helpful. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: assisting, auxiliary, complementary, contributory, helping, supporting

2. (immunology) Enhancing the immune response to an antigen; also, containing a substance having such an effect.
3. (medicine) Of a form of therapy or treatment: additional, supplementary; specifically (oncology), of a cancer treatment: given after removal of a primary tumour. [from 19th c.]
   • 2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, “Halsted’s Ashes”, in The Emperor of all Maladies: A Biography of Cancer, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, →ISBN, page 219:

     Adjuvant chemotherapy, [Paul] Carbone conjectured, could be the surgeon's little helper. It would eradicate microscopic deposits of cancer left behind after surgery, thus extirpating any remnant reservoirs of malignancy in the body in early breast cancer— […]

派生語

• adjuvance
• adjuvancy
• adjuvanticity
• adjuvantly

関連する語

• adjutant
• aid
• aidance
• aidant
• aide

名詞

adjuvant (plural adjuvants)

1. (formal) Someone or (more commonly) something that assists, facilitates, or helps; an aid, an assistant, a helper. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: accessory, attendant

   1. (agriculture) An additive (often a separate product) that enhances the efficacy of a pesticide, but has little or no pesticidal effect itself. [from mid 20th c.]
   2. (immunology) A substance enhancing the immune response to an antigen. [from 20th c.]
      • 1914 November, Frederick P. Gay, Edith J[ane] Claypole, “Specific Hyperleukocytosis: Studies in Typhoid Immunization”, in Archives of Internal Medicine‎, volume XIV, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 662–670:

        The well-known tropic action of immune serum as an adjuvant to phagocytosis suggested early in our studies that we might here be dealing with a similar phenomenon.

   3. (medicine) A form of therapy or treatment which is additional or supplementary to another, or which enhances the effectiveness of another. [from 18th c.]
   4. (pharmacology, archaic) An additive which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient of a drug. [from 19th c.]

派生語

参照

Further reading

• adjuvant therapy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• immunologic adjuvant on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• adjuvant (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “adjuvant”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “adjuvant”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “adjuvant”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.