英和和英

語源

Learned borrowing from Latin baculum (“stick, staff, sceptre, cudgel”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈbæk.jə.ləm/

名詞

baculum (plural baculums or bacula)

1. (zoology) A bone found in the penis of some placental mammals.

   Synonyms: os penis, penis bone, penile bone

   • 2018 January 24, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:

     Bacula can be straight rods, s-shaped curves, or even bizarre, flared scoops.

2. A small rod-like structure found in spores and pollen.
   • 1993, M. R. Saxena, Palynology: A Treatise, page 34:

     The sexine usually consists of two main parts, a partially or wholly covering layer — the tectum (roof) and below that the rods or rod-like elements — the bacules (baculum, columella).

派生語

関連する語

語源

Uncertain, though probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. The term is possibly cognate with Proto-Slavic *bokъ, Proto-Celtic *bakkos, Ancient Greek βάκτρον (báktron), and Proto-West Germanic *pagil. Based on these forms, the Proto-Indo-European root *bak- has been reconstructed. The term could be construed as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bak-tlom, although De Vaan postulates a pre-form *bak-k(e)los. The linguist Gert Klingenschmitt has proposed an alternative reconstruction *gʷaḱ-, though the linguist Thomas Olander suggests that a form *gʷh₂ḱ- could also yield the expected forms according to this theory. Nevertheless, such an alternative reconstruction would perhaps require the Latin term to have been borrowed from an Osco-Umbrian language, though it would allow for Old Armenian կալ (kal, “threshing floor”) to be adduced as a cognate. See also beccus, Ancient Greek βακτηρία (baktēría).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈba.kʊ.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈbaː.ku.lum]

名詞

baculum n (genitive baculī); second declension

1. walking stick, cane, staff
2. sceptre, rod, verge (staff of office)
3. stick, cudgel
4. (Medieval Latin) a stick used as a symbol of warranty or in transfers of property
5. (Ecclesiastical Latin) a support, stay
6. (Ecclesiastical Latin) crosier
7. (zoology) a penis bone

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• bacillum, bacillus
• baculāris
• imbēcillus

派生した語

• Catalan: bàcul
• → English: baculum (learned)
• French: bâcle
• Galician: bagoo (archaic), báculo (borrowing)
• → Irish: bachall
• Italian: abbacchio, bacchio, bacolo
• → Portuguese: báculo (learned)
• Sardinian: baculu
• → Spanish: báculo (learned)
• → Welsh: bagl (“crook, staff”)

参照

• “baculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “baculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “baculum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “baculum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “baculum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “baculus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 76
• Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “baculum”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 92