Wiktionary英語版
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crudus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/12/26 22:35 UTC 版)
語源
Disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.
- It may be dissimilated from earlier *crūrus, from Proto-Italic *krūros, itself from *kruh₂rós, from *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Alternatively, Sihler suggests dissimilation from a pre-form *krowros. However, de Vaan argues that the required dissimilation is unusual and "cannot be accepted without further support."
- Nussbaum has suggested that the term may derive from *krewh₂-idʰos. However, according to de Vaan, such a PIE form would be expected to develop into Proto-Italic *krowiðos, which could only produce crūdus via syncope. Thus, de Vaan doubts this etymology, arguing that syncope is unusual for adjectives in -idus.
- De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible derivation from *krowoðos, from *krewh₂-odʰ-os.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkruː.dʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkruː.dus]
形容詞
crūdus (feminine crūda, neuter crūdum, comparative crūdior, superlative crūdissimus); first/second-declension adjective
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | crūdus | crūda | crūdum | crūdī | crūdae | crūda | |
| genitive | crūdī | crūdae | crūdī | crūdōrum | crūdārum | crūdōrum | |
| dative | crūdō | crūdae | crūdō | crūdīs | |||
| accusative | crūdum | crūdam | crūdum | crūdōs | crūdās | crūda | |
| ablative | crūdō | crūdā | crūdō | crūdīs | |||
| vocative | crūde | crūda | crūdum | crūdī | crūdae | crūda | |
派生した語
- Aromanian: crud
- → Asturian: crudu
- Catalan: cru
- Dalmatian: croit
- Franco-Provençal: cru
- Friulian: crût, crûd
- Italian: crudo
- Ligurian: crûo
- → Middle English: crude
- Occitan: crus
- Old French: cru
- Old Galician-Portuguese: cruu
- Piedmontese: cru
- Romanian: crud
- Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj
- Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu
- Sicilian: crudu
- → Spanish: crudo
- ⇒ Translingual: Crudia
- Venetan: cruo, cru, cruf
参照
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 71
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 226
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “crūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
- “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “crudus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- crudus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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