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cupio

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/11 18:26 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

    From Proto-Italic *kupjō. According to the LIV, from Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kup-yé-ti, from *kwep- (“to smoke, boil, move violently”). If this theory is accepted, the term has an exact parallel in Sanskrit कुप्यति (kupyati, “to become agitated, bubble up”). De Vaan, however, explains the word as a derivative of an athematic i-present *kup-i- of the same root. Schrijver, who also adopts the i-present explanation, suggests that the full-grade of the suffix of this i-present (e.g. a form of the shape *kup-ey-) could explain the forms with the long vowel ī, such as cupīvī. Schrijver does, however, also mention a possible alternative explanation—that the perfect form was created analogically after fourth conjugation terms such as audīvī. Weiss alternatively suggests that perfect forms in -īvī spread across verbs with similar semantics, all pertaining to the notion of "seeking." For instance, compare arcessō (“to summon, invite”), arcessīvī; petō (“to ask, beg”), petīvī; and quaerō (“to search”), quaesīvī. Cognate with Lithuanian kūpėti (“to boil over”) and Old Church Slavonic кꙑпѣти (kypěti, “to boil”).

    発音

    動詞

    cupiō (present infinitive cupere, perfect active cupīvī or cupiī, supine cupītum); third (-iō variant) conjugation

    1. to desire, long for
      Synonyms: requīrō, affectō, aveō, quaerō, studeō, concupiō, indigeō, petō, sitiō, expetō, circumspiciō, spectō, voveō, appetō
      Antonyms: āversor, abhorreō
    2. to please, favor, be well disposed towards (someone, something)
      Quod cupiō mēcum est. Inopem mē cōpia fēcit.
      What I desire is with me: Abundance made me destitute.

    Conjugation

    At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

    派生語

    派生した語

    • Sardinian: cubere
    • Walloon: keûre
    • → Italian: cupere
    • →⇒ English: cupiosexual

    Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupīre:

    Reflexes of the Late Latin variant cupiscere:

    • Franc-Comtois: quevatre

    参照

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*keu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 359
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cupiō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155
    3. ^ Schrijver, Peter (2003), “Athematic i-Presents: The Italic and celtic Evidence”, in Incontri linguistici, volume 26, page 74 of 59-86
    4. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 442

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