Wiktionary英語版
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gemo
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/09/07 23:00 UTC 版)
語源
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to grasp”), whence Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), Ancient Greek γόμος (gómos, “load; cargo”), Lithuanian gùmstu (“to grasp”). The semantic shift would be something like "to grasp, press" > "to take one's fill" > "to groan, moan (from eating too much)".
However, De Vaan notes that this series of semantic shifts is quite unlikely, and prefers Vine's theory deriving the word from a Proto-Indo-European *genH- (“to call”) (with replacement of *-n > -m on the model of semantically similar verbs like fremō (“to roar”) and tremō (“to tremble”)), whence Ancient Greek γέγωνᾰ (gégōnă, “to shout”), Tocharian A ken- (“to call”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡɛ.moː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈd͡ʒɛː.mo]
動詞
gemō (present infinitive gemere, perfect active gemuī, supine gemitum); third conjugation
- to sigh, groan
-
21 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Epistularum liber primus (First Book of Letters): 15:
-
...sānē murtēta relinquī dictaque cessantem nervīs ēlīdere morbum sulfura contemnī vīcus gemit, invidus aegrīs, quī caput et stomachum suppōnere fontibus audent Clūsīnīs Gabiōsque petunt et frīgida rūra.
- Of course the town murmurs at its myrtle-groves being deserted, and its sulphur baths despised, so famous for driving a lingering disorder from the sinews, and takes offence at invalids who dare to plunge head and stomach under the showers from Clusium's springs, or who repair to Gabii and its cold ocuntry-side.
-
...sānē murtēta relinquī dictaque cessantem nervīs ēlīdere morbum sulfura contemnī vīcus gemit, invidus aegrīs, quī caput et stomachum suppōnere fontibus audent Clūsīnīs Gabiōsque petunt et frīgida rūra.
-
- (of things) to creak
- to bemoan, lament
Conjugation
- In practice, the passive forms are not used except for the third-person.
派生語
派生した語
- Balkano-Romance:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: gemi
- Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: zemî
- Piedmontese: gëmme
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: ximir
- Old Galician-Portuguese: gemer
- Portuguese: gemer
- Old Spanish: emer
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin:
- Borrowings:
参照
- ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “gemo”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 588
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “gemō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257
Further reading
- “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gemo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “gemo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- gemo in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
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