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humanus

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/21 00:03 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

    Unknown. The term is probably connected to homō (“human”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ. Perhaps from *hūm (“earth”) (see humus) -ānus. The form *hūm could possibly derive from earlier *hōm, with a phonological development similar to Latin fūr, from *fōr. However, De Vaan suggests that—in the example of fūr—the labial consonant may have conditioned the sound shift. Moreover, De Vaan suggests that a word-final nasal would be dropped following *ō, implying that the final *m in *hōm would have to be restored on the model of the oblique cases (i.e. an accusative singular form *hōmem). Alternatively, the term has been connected to Old Irish doíni and derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰdʰoym-, though De Vaan suggests that the source of *-oy- in this form is uncertain.

    発音

    形容詞

    hūmānus (feminine hūmāna, neuter hūmānum, comparative hūmānior, superlative hūmānissimus, adverb hūmānē or hūmāniter); first/second-declension adjective

    1. human (of man, people)
    2. humane, kind, philanthropic
    3. cultured, refined

    語形変化

    First/second-declension adjective.

    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative hūmānus hūmāna hūmānum hūmānī hūmānae hūmāna
    genitive hūmānī hūmānae hūmānī hūmānōrum hūmānārum hūmānōrum
    dative hūmānō hūmānae hūmānō hūmānīs
    accusative hūmānum hūmānam hūmānum hūmānōs hūmānās hūmāna
    ablative hūmānō hūmānā hūmānō hūmānīs
    vocative hūmāne hūmāna hūmānum hūmānī hūmānae hūmāna

    派生語

    派生した語

    名詞

    hūmānus m (genitive hūmānī); second declension

    1. (usually in the plural) a human, mortal

    語形変化

    Second-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative hūmānus hūmānī
    genitive hūmānī hūmānōrum
    dative hūmānō hūmānīs
    accusative hūmānum hūmānōs
    ablative hūmānō hūmānīs
    vocative hūmāne hūmānī

    参照

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “homō, -inis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
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