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latro
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/09/18 18:58 UTC 版)
語源 1
Disputed. Often hypothesized as from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”) or *leh₁-t- (“to let, grant, provide”), when compared with Ancient Greek λάτρις (látris, “hired servant”) and Proto-Germanic *lēþą (“ownership, possession”). However, Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology on phonetic grounds and instead posits Pre-Greek origin for the Greek; he believes Latin latrō is rather borrowed from unattested Ancient Greek *λάτρων (*látrōn).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫa.troː], [ˈɫat.roː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlaː.t̪ro], [ˈlat̪.ro]
名詞
latrō m (genitive latrōnis); third declension
- mercenary
- highwayman; brigand, bandit; robber
- Synonyms: praedō, latrunculus, vargus
- chessman, pawn
- Synonym: latrunculus
- (plural only, Classical Latin, Late Latin) the game of latrunculi (somewhat similar to chess)
- Synonyms: ludus latrunculorum, latrunculi
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | latrō | latrōnēs |
| genitive | latrōnis | latrōnum |
| dative | latrōnī | latrōnibus |
| accusative | latrōnem | latrōnēs |
| ablative | latrōne | latrōnibus |
| vocative | latrō | latrōnēs |
関連する語
- lātrātio
- latrīa
- latrōcinālis
- latrōcināliter
- latrōcinātiō
- latrōcinium
- latrōcinor
- latrunculārius
- latrunculus
派生した語
From the nominative latrō:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican: ladru, latru
- Dalmatian: ladr
- Istriot: laro
- Italian: latro (archaic), ladro
- Sicilian: latru
- Neapolitan: latro
- Venetan: ladro, laro
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: lari
- Ladin: lère
- Romansch: lader, leder
- Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian: lèder
- Lombard: làdar, lader
- Alpine: ladru (Leventina), lädar (Val Bregaglia)
- Old Ligurian: lairo
- Piedmontese: làder, lar
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: lârro
- Old French: lerre
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Occitan: laire
- Old Catalan: ladre
- Catalan: lladre
- Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: ladro (obsolete in the masculine)
- Portuguese: ladro (obsolete)
- Borrowings:
- →? Proto-Celtic: *latrū
- Old Irish:
- Middle Irish: latrann
- Irish: ladrann
- Middle Irish: latrann
- Proto-Brythonic: *llėdr
- Breton: laer
- Old Cornish: lader
- Middle Cornish: lader, ladar
- Cornish: lader
- Middle Cornish: lader, ladar
- Middle Welsh: lleityr
- Welsh: lleidr
- Old Irish:
- →? Proto-Celtic: *latrū
From the accusative latrōnem:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: ladrone
- Venetan: ladron
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: ladron
- Gallo-Italic:
- Piedmontese: ladron
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: larron, lasrun, larrun, ladron, ladrun
- French: larron (archaic)
- Walloon: lâron
- → Old Italian: larrone
- → Sicilian: larruni (Chiaramonte)
- Old French: larron, lasrun, larrun, ladron, ladrun
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Old Catalan: ladró
- Catalan: lladró
- Old Occitan: lairon
- Occitan: lairon
- → Old Catalan: lairó
- Old Catalan: ladró
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: lladrón
- Mirandese: lhadron
- Old Galician-Portuguese: ladron
- Fala: lairon (probably influenced by Extremaduran)
- Galician: ladrón
- Portuguese: ladrão (see there for further descendants)
- Old Spanish: ladron
- Ladino: ladrón
- Spanish: ladrón (see there for further descendants)
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: latruni, larruni
- Borrowings:
- → English: latron (learned)
- → Romanian: latrone (learned)
参照
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “latro, -onis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 201
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “λάτρον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 837–838
語源 2
Inherited from Proto-Italic *lātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to bark, howl”) (an expressive root). Cognate with lāmentum, Ancient Greek λῆρος (lêros), λάλος (lálos), λάσκω (láskō).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫaː.troː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlaː.t̪ro]
Conjugation
派生した語
- Balkano-Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: latrare
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: lladrar
- Old Galician-Portuguese: ladrar
- Galician: ladrar
- Portuguese: ladrar
- Spanish: ladrar
- Borrowings:
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 324-5
Further reading
- “latro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “latro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "latro", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “latro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “latro”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 650
- Pede Certo - Digital Latin Metre, 2011
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