英和和英

発音

• enPR: fǎnt′ənĭm
• IPA: /ˈfæntənɪm/
• 韻: -ɪm

名詞

phantonym (plural phantonyms)

1. A word that appears to mean one thing but actually means something else. Such terms are predisposed toward catachrestic use (including malapropisms) by speakers and writers.
   • 2009 September 25, Jack Rosenthal, “Phantonym. On Language column”, in New York Times Magazine‎, archived from the original on 13 June 2021, retrieved 7 February 2023:

     High-school juniors across the country, facing their first Preliminary SAT exams, are engrossed in improving their vocabulary. Here's a thought that might help: A word that means the opposite of another is an antonym; a word that looks as if it means one thing but means quite another could be called a phantonym, and warrants wariness. ¶ Phantonyms pop up in the usage of even so careful a speaker as President Obama. As William Safire noted in March, when the president said that he wanted the American people to have "a fulsome accounting" for his stimulus program, he meant full, whereas to punctilious authorities the word means disgusting, excessive, insincere. […] Likewise, noisome does not mean noisy but smelly, unhealthful. […] Enormity does not mean enormous but great wickedness, a monstrous act.

参考

• false friend (entailing a similar phenomenon interlingually, when translation is occurring)

参照