英和和英

語源 1

Derivative of potis (“able”). Cognate to Albanian pata.

動詞

potior (present infinitive potīrī or potīrier, perfect active potītus sum); fourth conjugation, deponent

1. to become master of, to take possession of
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 6.6:

     Caesar partītīs cōpiīs cum Gāiō Fabiō lēgātō et Mārcō Crassō quaestōre celeriterque effectīs pontibus adit tripertītō, aedificia vīcōsque incendit, magnō pecoris atque hominum numerō potītur.

     Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his questor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gains possession of a large number of cattle and men.

2. to be master of, to have, hold, possess
   • c. 30 CE, Manilius, Astronomica IV.883–885:

     iam nusquam natura latet; pervidimus omnem et capto potimur mundo

     Now nature conceals nothing; we have surveyed it in its entirety and are masters of the captured sky

使用する際の注意点

• Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms. See also pariō (“to beget”), orior (“to rise, be born”), and morior (“to die”).
• The verb potior and others like it, fruor, fungor, ūtor, vescor, and their compounds, regularly govern the ablative case.

  Mīles gladiō ūtitur.

  The soldier uses a sword.

• Potior sometimes governs the genitive.

  potīrī rērum ― to get control of affairs

• Pre- and post-Classically potior can also govern the accusative.

  160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe 871:

  ille alter sine labōre patria potītur commoda.

  He, on the other hand, without any trouble on his part, enjoys a father's comforts.

Conjugation

The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

語源 2

Comparative of potis (“able, capable”).

形容詞

potior (comparative, neuter potius); third declension

1. (of persons) preferred, preferable, better
2. (of things) better, stronger, more important, more preferable, more desirable
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.287:

     Haec alternantī potior sententia vīsa est: [...].

     [As Aeneas was] wavering [among] these [possible choices], [this] seemed to be the more preferable answer: [...].
     (Aeneas considers how to end his relationship with Dido and leave Carthage.)

   • 20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horatius, Epistulae IX.9–11:

     Quid quaeris? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui
     Quae vos ad caelum fertis rumore secundo,
     Utque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso,
     Pane egeo iam mellitis potiore placentis.

     What do you want from me? I live, I am my own master, I left behind the self same things you by common approval so eagerly covet, like the fugitive I have no right to the priest's blessed cake, but bread will quench my hunger over any honeyed delicacy.

語形変化

Third-declension comparative adjective.

関連する語

• potissimus

派生した語

• Italian: poziore
• Sicilian: puzziuri

参照

• “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “potior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "potior", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “potior”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power: rerum potiri
    
  • to conquer a country: terra potiri
    
  • (ambiguous) there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
    
• potior in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016