Wiktionary英語版
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sopio
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/08 15:41 UTC 版)
語源 1
From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”). However, the specifics of the etymology are disputed:
- According to the LIV, from Proto-Indo-European *swṓp-ye-ti, whence also perhaps Old Norse sǿfa (“to kill”). However, according to De Vaan, the existence of such a verbal class in PIE is uncertain.
- Nussbaum proposed that the term may have emerged as a denominative to a root noun *swṓp-s, which is itself possibly—according to Nussbaum—the source of the thematic nouns *swépnos (“sleep, slumber”) and *supnós (“sleep”). However, according to Vine, there is no evidence to more directly support the existence of such a root noun and PIE n-stems, including the aforementioned examples, are otherwise attributed to original r/n stems, rather than root nouns.
- Alternatively, Vine reconstructs a PIE present of the shape *swṓp-eye-ti, which developed into *swṓp-ije-ti according to a rule whereby unstressed *e prior to *j was reduced to *i. This pre-form would then evolve into the attested present sōpiō.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈsoː.pi.oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈsɔː.pi.o]
動詞
sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation
- (transitive) to deprive of feeling
- (transitive) to lull to sleep, put to sleep
- Synonym: sēdō
- (transitive) to render unconscious, knock out
- (figuratively, transitive) to kill
- (figuratively, transitive) to quiet, calm, soothe
Conjugation
派生した語
語源 2
Nikolaev connects the word to prosapia (“race, lineage”), and derives both from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂p- "strike", with semantic development "strike > have sexual intercourse > beget".
名詞
sōpiō m (genitive sōpiōnis); third declension
- A drawing of a man with a prominent penis
- Catullus 37
-
Frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam
- I will draw pictures of penises on the front of the tavern.
-
- Anonymous graffito in Pompeii
-
Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras sopionis
- You who have drawn pictures of penises, eat shit!
-
- Catullus 37
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sōpiō | sōpiōnēs |
| genitive | sōpiōnis | sōpiōnum |
| dative | sōpiōnī | sōpiōnibus |
| accusative | sōpiōnem | sōpiōnēs |
| ablative | sōpiōne | sōpiōnibus |
| vocative | sōpiō | sōpiōnēs |
派生語
- sōpiōnem scrībō
参照
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “su̯ep-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 612
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sopor, -ōris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 575
- ↑ Vine, Brent (2012), “PIE mobile accent in Italic: Further evidence”, in Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen, Olander, Thomas, Olsen, Birgit Anette, and Rasmussen, Jens Elmegård, editors, The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, phonemics, and morphophonemics (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European), volume 4, Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 554-555
- ^ Nikolaev, Alexander (2015), “The origin of Latin prōsāpia”, in Glotta, volume 91, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, pages 226–249
- “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “sopio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
- sopio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
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