英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 calm, calme, from Middle French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō. Compare also Lombardic *chalm, *chalma (“frozenness”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).

Displaced native 中期英語 smilte (“quiet, still, gentle”) from 古期英語 smylte (“quiet, tranquil, calm, serene”).

発音

• (General American) IPA: /kɑm/, /kɑlm/, /kɔm/, /kɔlm/, (archaic) /kæm/
• (Received Pronunciation, England, Wales) IPA: /kɑːm/, [kʰɑːm]
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /kaːm/, [kʰɐːm]
• (Canada) IPA: [kʰäː(ɫ)m], [kʰɒː(ɫ)m], [kʰa(ː)m]
• (Ireland, Scotland) IPA: /kam/
• (nonstandard, now chiefly dialectal) IPA: /kaɹm/
• (Europe non-native speakers' English) IPA: [ko(w)lm], [kälm]
• 韻: -ɑːm, -ɑːlm, -ɔːlm, -ɔːm, -æm

形容詞

calm (comparative calmer or more calm, superlative calmest or most calm)

1. (of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.

   Antonyms: stressed, nervous, anxious

2. (of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.

   Antonym: disturbed

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

     Calm is the morn without a sound,
     ⁠Calm as to suit a calmer grief,
     ⁠And only thro’ the faded leaf
     The chestnut pattering to the ground: […]

3. (of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.
4. (of weather) Without wind or storm.

   Antonyms: windy, stormy

5. (slang, MLE) Good; alright; cool; OK.
   • 2017, “Uber Everywhere Freestyle 2”‎performed by Cadet (rapper):

     Hi, welcome to Puma. If you need any help, my name's Kelly. That's calm, man […] Thirty pounds is the limit, I think you'll pay no more, I'm sorry. Aight, fuck it! What, can I do chip and pin. Calm, I'ma put my pin in like boom!

   • 2019 May 9, “Bullet from a Gun” (track 1), in Ignorance is Bliss‎, performed by Skepta:

     Been living my life as a Kingpin. I'm calm with the heat of the kitchen.

   • 2021 January 17, “Own Brand Freestyle” (track 24), in Beijing Winter Games 2022‎, performed by FelixThe1st, Dreya Mac, Finch Fetti:

     Flexed up like they really move pally (Pally). I don't want ish just at me (At me). I just want money, that's calm (Calm). Teenager, never worry 'bout acne (Finch Fetti, Finch Fetti)

   • 2021 October 15, “100 Bags Freestyle”‎performed by Yung Filly:

     I really hit for the long ting, calm (Ha, ha). Who would've thought you woulda heard Yung Filly on drill (Filly on drill).

使用する際の注意点

Although a place or environment that makes one calm is usually called calm, a thing that makes one calm (such as a film, a beverage, or someone's voice) would not be called calm; instead, it would be called calming.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:calm

派生語

名詞

calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)

1. (in a person) The state of being calm; peacefulness; absence of worry, anger, fear or other strong negative emotion.
   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

     Calm on the seas, and silver sleep,
     ⁠And waves that sway themselves in rest,
     ⁠And dead calm in that noble breast
     Which heaves but with the heaving deep.

2. (in a place or situation) The state of being calm; absence of noise and disturbance.
3. (meteorology) The absence of wind; a period of time without wind.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 4:39:

     The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 64, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 324:

     It was a calm ; so, forming a tandem of three boats, we commenced the slow business of towing the trophy to the Pequod.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:calmness

派生語

動詞

calm (third-person singular simple present calms, present participle calming, simple past and past participle calmed)

1. (transitive) To make calm.

   to calm a crying baby

   to calm the passions

   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     to calm the tempest raised by Aeolus

2. (intransitive) To become calm.

同意語

• allay, appease, calm down, cool off, ease, pacify, quieten, soothe, subdue

反意語

• agitate
• excite

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• ALCM, CAML, CLAM, Caml, Malc, clam

形容詞

calm

1. alternative form of calme