英和和英

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪˈvɑlv/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ɪˈvɒlv/
• 韻: -ɑlv, -ɒlv
• ハイフネーション: e‧volve

動詞

evolve (三人称単数 現在形 evolves, 現在分詞 evolving, 過去形および過去分詞形 evolved)

1. (transitive)
   1. To move (something) in regular procession through a system.
      • a. 1677, Matthew Hale, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, Considered and Examined According to the Light of Nature, London: […] William Godbid, for William Shrowsbery, […], published 1677, →OCLC:

        The animal soul sooner expands and evolves it self to its full orb and extent than the humane Soul

   2. To change or transform (something).

      What began as a few lines of code has now evolved into a million-line behemoth.

   3. To cause (something) to come into being or develop.
      • 1939, P. G. Wodehouse, Uncle Fred in the Springtime:

        You will remove the pig, place it in the car, and drive it to my house in Wiltshire. That is the plan I have evolved.

      • 2005, Donald Keene, quoting Emperor Kōmei, Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His world, 1852–1912‎^[1], New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, chapter 9, page 78:

        […] I ask you, rather, to evolve a suitable plan with due deliberation and report it to me."¹⁴

   4. (biology)
      1. Of a population: to acquire or develop (a trait) in the process of biological evolution.

         How long ago did birds evolve beaks?

      2. (chiefly passive) To cause (a population, a species, etc.) to change genetic composition over successive generations through the process of evolution.

         A hundred thousand years from now, will Homo sapiens have evolved into beings unrecognizable to their ancestors?

         • 1859 November 24, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 502:

           There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.

         • 2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist‎^[2]:

           Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

   5. (chemistry) To give off (a gas such as carbon dioxide または oxygen) during a chemical reaction.

      to evolve odours

   6. (obsolete) To wind or unwind (something).
      • [1795], James Woodhouse, “[To William Shenstone, Esq. in His Sickness.] Elegy VI. To a Lady, on the Language of the Birds.”, in William Shenstone, The Poetical Works of William Shenstone. […], Cooke’s edition, London: […] C. Cooke, […], →OCLC, lines 9–12, page 54:

        And come, my Muſe! that lov'ſt the ſylvan ſhade, / Evolve the mazes, and the miſt diſpel; / Tranſlate the ſong; convince my doubting maid / No ſolemn Derviſe can explain ſo vvell— […]

2. (intransitive)
   1. To move in regular procession through a system.
      • 1840, William Whewell, “Of Art and Science”, in The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. […], volume II, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, part II (Of Knowledge), book XI (Of the Construction of Science), paragraph 6, page 275:

        [T]he principles which Art involves, Science alone evolves.

      • 1870, John Shairp, Culture and Religion:

        Not by any power evolved from man's own resources, but by a power which descended from above.

   2. To change, to transform.
   3. (biology) Of a trait; to develop within a population through biological evolution.

      How long ago did beaks evolve?

派生語

• co-evolve

関連する語

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /eːˈu̯ol.u̯e/, [eːˈu̯ɔɫ̪u̯ɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eˈvol.ve/, [eˈvɔlve]

動詞

ēvolve

1. second-person singular present active imperative of ēvolvō