英和和英

語源

From Old French tumberel (modern French tombereau, in Anglo-Latin tumberellus), from tomber, tumber (“to fall”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈtʌmbɹɪl/

名詞

tumbril (plural tumbrils)

1. (historical) A kind of medieval torture device, later associated with a ducking stool.
2. A cart well suited to dumping its load easily, being single-axled and also often having a hinged tailboard.

   Synonym: dumpcart

   Coordinate terms: wagon, dray

   • 1800, The Times, 17 Mar 1800, p.3 col. B:

     They then confined the Dean, while they rifled the house of every valuable article, as well as plate and money; all that was portable they loaded on Mr. Carleton’s own tumbril, to which they harnessed his horse […]

   • 1994, Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing:

     They’d rigged a makeshift tent of sheeting over the little tumbril of a cart and they’d put up a sign at the front that gave her history and the number of people she was known to have eaten.

   • 1997, Don DeLillo, Underworld:

     This is a sixteenth-century work done by a Flemish master, Pieter Bruegel, and it is called The Triumph of Death […] He studies the tumbrel filled with skulls.

3. (historical) A cart used to carry condemned prisoners to their death, especially to the guillotine during the French Revolution.
   • 1848, The Times, 26 Jun 1848, p.4 col. B:

     It is now ascertained that the tumbrel and the torches which figured in the massacre-scene of the 23d of February were prepared beforehand […]

   • 1999 July 21, Jonathan Jones, “Grey and grimy alternative to frippery that bespeaks loyalty to welfare state Britain”, in The Guardian‎:

     Out go Thomas Gainsborough and George Romney with all their 18th century frills and fripperies, like aristocrats deported on the tumbril.

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 370:

     If there would be former freemasons on the Committee of Public Safety during the Terror, they would be numbered too in the ranks of the émigré armies and counter-revolutionary Chouan rebels, and in tumbrils bound for the guillotine.

4. (UK, obsolete) A basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep.

Further reading

• tumbrel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• cucking stool on Wikipedia.Wikipedia