Justice Party (India)とは 意味・読み方・使い方

The Justice Party (Tamil: நீதிக்கட்சி), officially known as South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. The party was established in 1917 by T. M. Nair and Theagaroya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late 19th and early 20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate representation of Brahmins in government jobs. The party's foundation marked the culmination of a series of failed efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins n the presidency. During its early years, the party was involved in petitioning the imperial administrative bodies and British politicians demanding more representation for non-Brahmins in administration and in the government. When a diarchial system of administration was established due to the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, the Justice party took part in presidential governance. In 1920, it won the first direct elections in the presidency and formed the government. During 1920-37, it formed four out of the five ministries and was in power for thirteen out of the seventeen years. It was the main political alternative to the nationalist Indian National Congress in the presidency. It was defeated in the 1937 election and never recovered from the defeat. It came under the leadership of Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy and his Self-Respect Movement. In 1944, Periyar transformed the party into a social organisation called Dravidar Kazhagam and withdrew it from electoral politics. A rebel faction that called itself the original Justice party, survived to contest one final election, in 1952.