Ottoman Public Debt Administrationとは 意味・読み方・使い方

The Ottoman Public Debt Administration (OPDA) (Ottoman Turkish: Düyun-u Umumiye-i Osmaniye Varidat-ı Muhassasa İdaresi, or simply Düyun-u Umumiye as it was popularly known), established in 1881, was a European-controlled organization set up to collect the payments that the Ottoman Empire owed to European companies in the Ottoman public debt. The OPDA became a vast, essentially independent bureaucracy within the Ottoman bureaucracy, run by the creditors. It employed 5,000 officials who collected taxes that were then turned over to the European creditors. The OPDA played an important role in Ottoman financial affairs. Also it was an intermediary with European companies seeking investment opportunities in the Ottoman Empire. In 1900, OPDA was financing many railways and many other industrial artifacts. The non-Muslim foreigners were protected with the capitulations of the Ottoman Empire.