katorgaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

名詞

katorga (countable and uncountable, plural katorgas)

1. (countable) A tsarist or Soviet labour camp.
   • 1978, Aleksandr I[sayevich] Solzhenitsyn, “The Doomed”, in Harry Willets, transl., The Gulag Archipelago 1918–1956: An Experiment in Literary Investigation: V–VII, New York, N.Y.; Evanston, Ill.: Harper & Row, →OCLC, part V (Katorga), page 8:

     Each subsequent victory drove fresh contingents of the doomed into katorga or to the gallows— […] On the heels of the army came the tribunals, publicly hanging some people on the spot, dispatching others to the newly created katorga forced-labor camps.

2. (uncountable) Penal servitude in a Russian or Soviet labour camp.
   • 1912, Alexander Berkman, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist:

     Sentenced to ten years of hard labor in the Siberian mines, he defied the Russian tyrant by his funeral oration at the grave of Dmokhovsky, his boldness resulting in an additional fifteen years of katorga.

   • 1991, Alan Wood, “Russia’s ‘Wild East’: exile, vagrancy and crime in nineteenth-century Siberia”, in Alan Wood, editor, The History of Siberia: From Russian Conquest to Revolution, London; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 124:

     However, brutal floggings, increased terms of katorga, starvation diets, permanent chaining to a wheelbarrow and other fearsome sanctions failed to staunch the flow.

   • 2007, Edward Crankshaw, Cracks in the Kremlin Wall:

     Under the Bolsheviks there was going to be an end to the katorga.