英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 Augustinen, from Latin Augustīniānus, from Augustīnus + -iānus, after Augustine of Hippo. By surface analysis, Augustine +‎ -ian.

形容詞

Augustinian (not comparable)

1. Of, or relating to St Augustine of Hippo or his doctrines, especially on predestination and grace.
   • 1991 [1990], John Forrester, The Seductions of Psychoanalysis: Freud, Lacan and Derrida‎, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 95:

     What does Freud oppose to the view that the future is already written? It is in so far as chance does exist in the physical, as opposed to mental world, that Freud distinguishes himself from a superstitious person. Yet the analyst never takes a chance event at face value. Everything mental — that is speakable — is determined. This sense of determination, the famous determinism that Freud is rebuked for, is in truth more of a parody of nineteenth century Laplacean determinism than its extension. From the dream in The interpretation of dreams, we derive the simple formula that dreams foretell the future insofar as the future is a perfect likeness of the past. This model seems to be akin to the Laplacean determinism of the nineteenth century, the view that, given knowledge of initial conditions, of the present state of forces and elements in the universe, the entire history of a system can be predicted, both forward, into the future, and backwards, into the past. This determinism is broken up, we are told, by twentieth-century physics. But this Laplacean future is the future invoked by the dream; the real future, if such a thing can be allowed to escape the clutches of the Augustinian paradoxes, is a very different thing. One simple index of Freud's avoidance of the Laplacean denial of a difference between past and future is the fact that the question of chance and coincidence bulks so large in discussions of foretelling the future. In a sense, the future is the privileged domain of the miraculous for psychoanalysis. And yet, psychoanalysis itself essays to enter into the domain of the future by undoing the Laplacean determinations the patient constructs for him or herself.

   • 1995 February 1, Momabee, “Petitions, Acceptance, and Moshiach”, in soc.culture.jewish‎ (Usenet):

     I do not subscribe to any Augustinian type split of the world/universe into good or bad, one Godly, one absent of God.

2. Of, or relating to several religious orders influenced by him.

名詞

Augustinian (plural Augustinians)

1. A follower of St Augustine or his doctrines, especially on predestination and grace.
2. A friar or monk of any Augustinian order.

派生語

語源 2

Learned borrowing from Latin Augustīniānī pl, from Augustīnus + -iānus, after an unidentified person so named. By surface analysis, Augustine +‎ -ian.

名詞

Augustinian (plural Augustinians)

1. (historical, rare) A member of a supposed radical group of the early Reformation, who allegedly believed that humans would not enter Heaven until the Last Judgment.
   • 1601 March 25, R[ichard] B[roughton], “How This Age of Protestants Exceedeth All Others, Both in Respect of Errors, and Practicall Impieties”, in An Apologicall Epistle: Directed to the Right Honorable Lords, and Others of Her Maiesties Priuie Counsell. […], Antwerp: […] Arnold Coninx [actually English Secret Press], →OCLC, page 7:

     Such be the […] Hutites, Auguſtinians, Monaſterians, Bocaldians, Hoffmaniſts, Georgians, Memniſts, with the reſt, amounting to the number of two hundred and three ſcore knowne Sects, by the computation of Caſpar Vlenbergius, and others aboue twelue yeeres agoe; […]

   • 1735, [Richard Challoner], “Of [Martin] Luther’s Quarrel with Carlostadius [i.e., Andreas Karlstadt], and of the Divisions That Insued Thereupon amongst Protestants: […]”, in A Short History of the First Beginning and Progress of the Protestant Religion. […], London: […] H. Brabham, […], →OCLC, page 17:

     Of the Anabaptiſts, the ſame Author [Alexander Ross] Sect. 12. reckons up a great many different Sects, as the Mancerians, the Separatiſts, the Cathariſts, the Apoſtolicks, the Enthuſiaſts, the Silentes, the Adamites, the Liberi, the Hutites, the Melchioriſts, the Menoniſts, the Beucheldians, the Auguſtinians, the Denkians, and many others.

   • 1962, George Huntston Williams, “Divisiveness Among, and Ecumenical Overtures to, the Moravian Anabaptists”, in The Radical Reformation, Philadelphia, Pa.: Westminster Press, →OCLC, chapter 26 (The Hutterites in Moravia, 1542–1578), page 675:

     [George] Eder lists […] Augustinians (who were psychopannychists), […]

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