英和和英

発音

• IPA: /mʌŋk/, 韻: -ʌŋk
• IPA: /mɔŋk/ (Indic, spelling pronunciation)

語源 1

From 中期英語 monk, from 古期英語 munuc, from Proto-West Germanic *munik, from Late Latin monicus, variant of monachus, from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós, “single, solitary”), from μόνος (mónos, “alone”).

別の表記

• moncke (obsolete)

名詞

monk (plural monks)

1. A male member of a monastic order who has devoted his life for religious service.

   Coordinate terms: friar, priest, nun

   • 1802, Joseph Ritson, “Poets of the Fifteenth Century”, in Bibliographia Poetica‎:

     This is believed to be the completeſt liſt of this voluminous, proſaick, and driveling monk, that can be formed, without acceſs, at leaſt, to every manuſcript library in the kingdom, which would be very difficult, if not imposſible, to obtain.

   • 1982, Michael Bishop, No enemy but time:

     In clusters on the plain, like cowlless monks at matins, sat the vultures that had settled on the corpse of the hyena impaled by the female rhino […]

2. In earlier usage, an eremite or hermit devoted to solitude, as opposed to a cenobite, who lived communally.
   • 1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 20, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:

     Tony's face expressed relief, and Nettie sat silent for a moment until the vicar said “It was a generous impulse, but it may have been a momentary one, while in the case of monk and crusader there must have been a sustaining purpose, and possibly a great abnegation, a leaving of lands and possessions.”

3. (slang) Someone who leads an isolated life; a loner, a hermit.
4. (slang) An unmarried man who does not have sexual relationships.
5. (slang) A judge.
6. (printing, archaic) An inkblot.

   Coordinate term: friar

7. A South American monkey (Pithecia monachus); also applied to other species, as Cebus xanthosternos.
8. The bullfinch, common bullfinch, European bullfinch, or Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).
9. The monkfish.
10. (historical) A fuse for firing mines.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:recluse

派生語

関連する語

• monastery
• monastic
• monasticism

動詞

monk (third-person singular simple present monks, present participle monking, simple past and past participle monked)

1. To be a monk.
   • 1990, Honoré de Balzac, James Lewis May, Jean de Boschère, Ten droll tales, page 25:

     "Ah!" she cried, "thou art the prettiest little monk that ever monked it in this blessed, amorous town of Constance!"

   • 2002, David Pownall, Plays two - Volume 2, →ISBN, page 41:

     Good people, if you're ever short of a job, don't take up monking for a living.

2. To act like a monk; especially to be contemplative.
   • 1961, Snowy Egret - Volumes 25-30, page 74:

     Many a scholar, making wings of candlewicks to flap away old darkness, monked his life to fasting long while feasting upon new light.

   • 1971, Bill Amidon, Charge ...!, page 196:

     ...drinking: monking on a mountain: plodding in self-inflicted darkness so that the entrance into light would be heightened and supercharged: sacrifice and gain: the meek shall inherit the earth.

   • 2001, Kevin Everod Quashie, R. Joyce Lausch, Keith D. Miller, New Bones: Contemporary Black Writers in America, page 482:

     Sometimes, in the joint, time gets long. It's best then to just sit and think. I call it "monking," because you can become so inspired, with revelations and understandings. After a monking spell, you may get angry in a strange way.

   • 2017, Neil McKenty, In the Stillness Dancing: The Journey of John Main, →ISBN:

     There were half-serious references to his 'going monking'; his new 'religion'; his grey habit; the magnificent house presented to the community in Montreal, etc. (“What price the vow of poverty, etc.”)

3. To monkey or meddle; to behave in a manner that is not systematic.
   • 2015, Tooty Nolan, Earplug Adventures: An Exaltation of Earplugs, →ISBN:

     The Avatar spoke gently as she responded to his jibe. "Now fucking get aboard and stop monking on like a schoolboy, you silly earplug.

   • 2008, Vereen Bell, Swamp Water, →ISBN, page 197:

     "You just go into the swamp and keep monking around, and maybe in a week er so, somebody'll open up and begin shooting at you, and if you live long enough to git curious about it, that'll be Tom Keefer."

   • 2016, Ring Lardner, Treat 'Em Rough - Letters From Jack The Kaiser Killer, →ISBN:

     ... because when a man is a corporal its all head work you might say and a man ought to keep their mind on their job evenings as well as day times and I felt like I couldn't do that and be monking with French at the same time...

4. To be intoxicated or confused.
   • 2011, Devon W. Carbado, Dwight A. McBride, Donald Weise, Black Like Us: A Century of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual African American Fiction, →ISBN:

     I looked up from the thick cotton mat, unsure where my legs were. “She looks monked up.” “maybe her brain is damaged, huh, miss Bryant?”

   • 2015, Tonya Craft, Accused: My Fight for Truth, Justice, and the Strength to Forgive, →ISBN:

     She looked down at herself and said, “Oh, I got that from monking.” “From what?” “Monking. You ain't never done meth, girl?” she said.

5. (transitive) To attach so that it sticks out.
   • 1981, Kalu Uka, A Consummation of Fire: A Novel, page 9:

     Molten roofing north, lead dripping down south, stand like those immobilized columns of arctic water west, stalagmites, monked and housed or stamped and dudleyed east, in school texts.

   • 1987, The Pioneer - Volumes 111-122, page 11:

     All these controls and screens are monked on to a massive network of computers that coordinates the sights.

   • 2014, Ken Babstock, On Malice, →ISBN, page 63:

     Those shelters formed chapels where aged forms of the implants monked out in built cells, little churchy cells that perished or grew plain, quivering and hidden from sight under alders.

参考

語源 2

By shortening.

名詞

monk (plural monks)

1. (colloquial) A monkey.
   • 1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 64:

     ‘We wuz talkin’ and the monk got loose, and she sent me off to catch him.’

   • (Can we date this quote by Damon Runyon, The Hottest Guy In The World and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     It seems that the big monk up on the roof is nobody but Bongo, who is a gorilla belonging to the circus, and one of the very few gorillas of any account in this country, or anywhere else, as far as this goes, because good gorillas are very scarce, indeed.

語源

Inherited from 古期英語 munuc, from Proto-West Germanic *munik, from Latin monachus, from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós).

発音

• IPA: /munk/
• IPA: /ˈmunək/, /ˈmunɔk/ (Early Middle English or Southern and Southwest Midland)

名詞

monk (plural monkes)

1. A monk; a male member of a monastic community (excluding mendicants)

   Coordinate terms: frere, nonne

   • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

     Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (by extension) A religious mendicant; a friar.

語形変化

派生した語

• English: monk
• Middle Scots: monk, munk, mounk
  • Scots: monk

参照

• “mǒnk, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “monk, n..”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.