英和和英

別の表記

• Caffer, caffre, kaffer, Kaffir, Kaffre, kafir, kaphar, kaphir, kafari
• coffery, coffree, coffry (obsolete)

語源

Ultimately from Arabic كَفَّار (kaffār, “infidel”) or كَافِر (kāfir, “unbeliever”), both from كَفَرَ (kafara, “to cover, to hide”); in some (especially early) uses, via Spanish cafre, Dutch kaffer or other European languages. Doublet of kafir.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkæfə/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈkæfɚ/
• 韻: -æfə(ɹ)

名詞

kaffir (countable and uncountable, plural kaffirs)

1. (countable, offensive) In Islamic contexts, a non-Muslim. [from 16th c.]
   • 1804, Archibald Duncan, The Mariner's Chronicle, section I:

     He […] put me in imminent danger of my life, by telling the natives that I was a Caffer, and not a Mussulman.

2. (countable, offensive) A member of the Nguni people of southern Africa, especially a Xhosa. [from 16th c.]
   • 1792, The Analytical Review, Or History of Literature, Domestic and Foreign, on an Enlarged Plan, volume 14:

     … the Hambonaas, a nation quite different from the Kaffers, having a yellowish complexion […].

3. (countable, South Africa, Rhodesia, Namibia, ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory) A black person. [from 17th c.]
   • 1924, Agatha Christie, The Man in the Brown Suit:

     I rang the bell, and a smiling Kafir boy answered it.

   • 1959, Alf Ross, On Law and Justice:

     If you ask a Kaffir why he does so-and-so, he will answer—"How can I tell? It has always been done by our forefathers."

   • 1971, Naboth Mokgatle, The Autobiography of an Unknown South African:

     I once heard him say to the gardener, 'Come along, son.' His wife scolded him saying, 'He's not son, don't call him son, he's a kaffir.'

   • 1998, Antjie Krog, Country of My Skull:

     "… and today here a white man is calling me a kaffir. This term that I absolutely resented." And that, says Nofomela, is his political motive.

   • 2000 April 9, Squirrel, “SA Silence on Mugabe's actions”, in soc.culture.south-africa‎ (Usenet):

     Monkey see, monkey do ... which in this case refers to the baboons in Rhodesia - proves just how vulnerable the whities are in the hands of the kaffirs.

4. (uncountable, now historical, offensive) A language spoken by the Nguni peoples of southern Africa, especially Xhosa. [from 19th c.]
   • 1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 73:

     This man, seeing a white person enter, moved aside for her, but she saw Joss's eyes on her, and said in kitchen kaffir, ‘No, when you've finished.’

5. (finance, slang, historical) South African mining shares [from early 20th c.]
   • 1907, Truth, volume 62, page 688:

     Kaffirs bouyant most of last week

6. (uncountable) Ellipsis of kaffir corn.
   • 1907, Texas Agricultural, Mechanical College System, Bulletin, volumes 93-117, page 5:

     This market reports only one or two cars per day, selling by the hundred weight, and at a price a little lower than that of Indian corn. As to the purpose for which the marketed kaffir is used, there is some uncertainty.

使用する際の注意点

This word was widely used in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Since the mid-twentieth century it has been regarded as derogatory.

派生語

参考

• kafir
• nigger
• Kaffir (ethnic slur) in Wikipedia