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largus

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/06 18:18 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

Unknown. Often connected with Proto-Indo-European *leh₂y- (“lard, fat, grease”) (see lārdum, lāridum (“bacon”) and laetus (“fat, happy”)), via Proto-Italic *lajes-ago-, though De Vaan finds this problematic and doubts that the long vowel is original. Compare also Ancient Greek λᾱρῑνός (lārīnós, “fattened; fatty”), with -r- as in Latin perhaps coming from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂-r-; this could further be a different suffixed form of the same Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (“to fatten; fat”) whence *leh₂-y-, notwithstanding some phonetic and morphological difficulties. These roots are however disputed and more likely reflect Mediterranean substrate words or Wanderwörter, while Latin lāridum is thought to be a borrowing from Ancient Greek.

Also may be connected to lascīvus, from Proto-Indo-European *las- (“to be willing, covetous”), if such a root exists, but the semantics are suspicious as well as the *a.

Prósper, presuming a sound law in which *d became *l before *a, derives largus from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós via a sequence of either *dlāɣos > *dālɣos (with metathesis) > *lālɣos > *lalgos > largus (with dissimilation), or alternatively *dalaɣos > *lalaɣos > *lalɣos (with syncope) > *lalgos > largus. (Note that these lambdacisms can alternatively be viewed as assimilation to the internal *l even if the sound law is not accepted.)

発音

形容詞

largus (feminine larga, neuter largum, comparative largior, superlative largissimus, adverb largē or largiter); first/second-declension adjective

  1. abundant, copious, plentiful, large, abounding in something
    Synonyms: cōpiōsus, abundāns, cumulātus, ūber, fēcundus
    Antonyms: vacuus, carēns, expers, viduus
  2. bountiful, liberal, munificent
  3. (with ablative or genitive) generous with, lavish of

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative largus larga largum largī largae larga
genitive largī largae largī largōrum largārum largōrum
dative largō largae largō largīs
accusative largum largam largum largōs largās larga
ablative largō largā largō largīs
vocative large larga largum largī largae larga

派生語

派生した語

参照

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lārgus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
  2. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2019), “What became of “Sabine l”? An Overlooked Proto-Italic Sound Law”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 47, number 3 & 4, page 483-484 of 457-506

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