英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 scheef, from 古期英語 sċēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *skaub, from Proto-Germanic *skauba- (“sheaf”).

発音

• enPR: shēf, IPA: /ʃiːf/
• 韻: -iːf

名詞

sheaf (plural sheaves or sheafs)

1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.

   Synonyms: reap, wheatsheaf

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], line 70:

     O, let me teach you how to knit again
     This scattered corn into one mutual sheaf,
     These broken limbs again into one body.

   • 1645, John Milton, L'Allegro‎:

     And then in haste her bow'r she leaves,
     With Thestylis to bind the sheaves;
     Or if the earlier season lead
     To the tann'd haycock in the mead.

   • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 60, lines 429–430:

     Ev’n while the Reaper fills his greedy hands, / And binds the golden Sheafs in brittle bands

   • 1850, Thomas Keightley, The Fairy Mythology, London: H.G. Bohn, page 222:

     'Tis not very long since there were Dwarfs at Jüne near Göttingen, who used to go into the fields and steal the sheaves of corn.

2. Any collection of things bound together.

   Synonym: bundle

   a sheaf of paper

   • 1953, Ian Fleming, “The Secret Agent”, in Casino Royale, London: Pan Books, published 1955, page 8:

     Bond reflected on the problem as he collected the sheaf of hundred thousand and then the sheaves of ten thousand franc notes.

   • 1953, Robert A. Heinlein, Starman Jones, page 45:

     Max found himself accepting an impressive sheaf of money, more than he had ever touched before, and the books were taken from him before he could think of another objection.

   • 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:

     Together the two men march up the aisle and mount the dais, and while Muspole shakes hands with the chairman and his lady, the major draws a sheaf of notes from a briefcase and lays them on the table.

3. (collective) A bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a quiver, or the allowance of each archer.
   • 1700, John Dryden, Palamon and Arcite:

     The sheaf of arrows shook, and rattled in the case.

4. (collective) A quantity of arrows, usually twenty-four.
   • 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 34:

     Arrows were anciently made of reeds, afterwards of cornel wood, and occasionally of every species of wood: but according to Roger Ascham, ash was best; arrows were reckoned by sheaves, a sheaf consisted of twenty-four arrows.

5. (mechanics) A sheave.
6. (mathematics) An abstract construct in topology that associates data to the open sets of a topological space (i.e. a presheaf) in such a way so as to make the local and global data compatible, generalizing the situation of functions, fiber bundles, manifold structure, etc. on a topological space. Formally, a presheaf ${\\\\displaystyle {\\\\mathcal {F}}}$ whose sections are, in a technical sense, uniquely determined by their restrictions onto smaller sets: that is, given an open cover ${\\\\displaystyle \\\\{U_{i}\\\\}}$ of ${\\\\displaystyle U}$:
   1. If two sections over ${\\\\displaystyle U}$ agree under restriction to every ${\\\\displaystyle U_{i}}$, then the sections are the same.
   2. Given a family of sections ${\\\\displaystyle s_{i}\\\\in {\\\\mathcal {F}}(U_{i})}$ such that all pairs ${\\\\displaystyle (s_{i},s_{j})}$ agree under restriction to ${\\\\displaystyle U_{i}\\\\cap U_{j}}$, there is a (unique) section ${\\\\displaystyle s}$ over ${\\\\displaystyle U}$ whose restriction to ${\\\\displaystyle U_{i}}$ is ${\\\\displaystyle s_{i}}$.

派生語

動詞

sheaf (third-person singular simple present sheafs, present participle sheafing, simple past and past participle sheafed)

1. (transitive) To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves

   to sheaf wheat

2. (intransitive) To collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], line 107:

     They that reap must sheaf and bind; Then to cart with Rosalind.

アナグラム

• SFHEA, Shefa, SHAEF