英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Latin tympanum (“a drum, timbrel, tambourine; the eardrum”). Doublet of timbre, timpani, timbal, and tymbal.

発音

• IPA: /ˈtɪm.pən.əm/
• 韻: -ɪmpənəm

名詞

tympanum (plural tympanums or tympana)

1. (archaic) A drum.
2. (anatomy, zootomy) Any of various anatomic structures in various animals with analogy to a drum head:
   1. (anatomy, zootomy) The eardrum (tympanic membrane, membrana tympanica).
   2. (anatomy, zootomy) The main portion of the middle ear: the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani).
   3. (zootomy, entomology) A thin tense membrane covering the hearing organ on the leg or body of some insects, sometimes adapted (as in cicadas) for producing sound.
   4. (zootomy) A membranous resonator in a sound-producing organ in frogs and toads.
   5. (zootomy) (in certain birds) The labyrinth at the bottom of the windpipe.
3. (architecture) A vertical recessed triangular space between the sides of a pediment, typically decorated.
   1. The recessed triangular space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch.
      • 2004, Alan Hollinghurst, The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:

        It was a black-and-white picture of a Romanesque doorway, with flanking saints and a lively Last Judgement in the tympanum […] .

4. (engineering) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged; used for raising water, as for irrigation.

派生語

参照

• “tympanum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “tympanum”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtym.pa.nũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtim.pa.num]

名詞

tympanum n (genitive tympanī); second declension

1. (literally, music) drum, timbrel, tambour, tambourine
   1. (figurative) timbrel as a figure of something effeminate or enervating
2. (transferred sense) (of things of a like shape):
   1. drum or wheel in machines for raising weights, in water organs, etc.
   2. (architecture):
      1. triangular area of a pediment
      2. panel of a door
      3. part of the clepsydra

         Synonym: phellos

3. eardrum
   • 1772, Antonio Scarpa, De Structura Fenestrae Rotundae Auris, et de Tympano Secundario Anatomicae Observationes:

Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• tympanium

関連する語

派生した語

Note: see τῠ́μπᾰνον (tŭ́mpănon) for later re-borrowings from Byzantine.

参照

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “tympanum”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 13: To–Tyrus, page 455
• “tympanum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tympanum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "tympanum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tympanum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “tympanum”, in The Perseus Project (1999), Perseus Encyclopedia‎
• “tympanum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “tympanum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin