英和和英

語源 1

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新疆 (Xīnjiāng, “new territory, new frontier”), from 新 (xīn, “new”) + 疆 (jiāng, “territory, border, frontier”).

別の表記

• Hsin-chiang, Hsinchiang (Wade–Giles)
• Hsin-kiang
• Sinkiang
• Xingjiang, Singkiang (misspelling)

発音

• IPA: /ˈʃɪnˈt͡ʃ(j)ɑŋ/, /ˈʃin-/, /ˈsin-/, /-ˈt͡ʃ(j)æŋ/
• (hyperforeign) IPA: /ˈʃɪnˈd͡ʒ(j)ɑŋ/, /ˈʃin-/, /-ˈd͡ʒ(j)æŋ/
• (hyperforeign) enPR: shĭnʹj(y)ängʹ, shĭnʹj(ē-)ängʹ, shĭnʹj(y)ăngʹ, shĭnʹj(ē-)ăngʹ
• (dated) enPR: sĭnʹkyăngʹ
• enPR: shǐnʹjyängʹ
• ハイフネーション: Xin‧jiang

固有名詞

Xinjiang

1. An Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.
   • 1975, “The National Minority Languages of China”, in Winfred P. Lehmann, editor, Language and Linguistics in the People's Republic of China‎, University of Texas Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:

     In the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, only local languages are used as a medium of instruction in the elementary and middle schools. In the same region, the law provides that both Chinese and Uighur must be used in all public documents.

   • 1981, “Pakistan”, in The Far East and Australasia 1981-82‎, 13th edition, Europa Publications, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 986, column 1:

     In mid-1978 the 800-km. Karakoram highway was opened, linking Xinjiang province in the People’s Republic of China with Havelian, north of Islamabad, after being under construction for 20 years.

   • 2020, Laura Zhou, “Marco Rubio urges US Congress to pass Uygur bill to counter China’s crackdown in Xinjiang”, in South China Morning Post‎:

     Since early 2017, the Chinese government has reportedly detained some 1 million Uygurs and other largely Muslim ethnic minorities in mass internment camps in Xinjiang, where inmates are subjected to political indoctrination. Beijing claims the facilities are “vocational training centres” and says they are a legitimate response to the threat of religious extremism.

   • 2021 June 13, President Joe Biden, 0:00 from the start, in Biden says G7 leaders agreed to call out China over human rights abuses in Xinjiang and Hong Kong‎, South China Morning Post:

     G7 explicitly agreed to call out human rights abuses in Xinjiang and in Hong Kong- explicitly. Two, to coordinate a common strategy to deal with China non-market policies that undermine competition- we've agreed and that's underway now how to do that. Three, to take serious actions against forced labor in solar, agriculture and the garment industries, because that's where it's happening- and they've agreed we will do that.

   • 2022 May 6, Li Yuan, “Has Shanghai Been Xinjianged?”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     Xinjiang was the dark China. The western frontier region, which is twice the size of Texas, is home to more than 10 million Muslim ethnic minorities who have been subject to mass detentions, religious repression and intrusive digital and physical surveillance.

   • 2022 December 25, “China: 18 miners trapped after gold mine collapse”, in DW News‎, archived from the original on 25 December 2022, Nature and Environment‎:

     Eighteen people remain trapped in a gold mine after it caved in China's northwestern province of Xinjiang.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Xinjiang.

使用する際の注意点

• Uyghur independence activists reject this term due to its Chinese-colonial connotations. Instead, they advocate for the historical term East Turkestan.

同意語

• Chinese Turkestan (can variously refer to Xinjiang as a whole or to portions of Xinjiang)
• East Turkestan, East Turkistan
• Little Bokhara
• (abbreviation) XUAR

派生語

• Xinjiangese

参考

• Ürümqi, Wulumuqi, Urumchi
• Uyghur
• Altishahr

参照

Further reading

• Saul B. Cohen, editor (1998), “Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, volume 3, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3503, column 3

語源 2

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新絳／新绛 (Xīnjiàng).

発音

• enPR: shǐnʹjyängʹ
• ハイフネーション: Xin‧jiang

固有名詞

Xinjiang

1. A county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China.
   • 2010 September 3, He Jianwei, “Beats of the land: Artist's persistence saves ethnic heritage”, in Beijing Today‎, number 482, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 12–13, columns 3-1:

     Drumming in Shanxi Province can be dated back centuries earlier to Xinjiang County, the ancient name of Jiangzhou, in present-day Shanxi Province.

   • 2015, Guoguang Wu, Helen Lansdowne, China's Transition from Communism - New Perspectives‎, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC:

     In September 2009, Xinjiang County in Yuncheng Municipality, Shanxi Province started to put village administrative information online for farmers to access.

参照