英和和英

語源

Univerbation of ne- +‎ hīlum; both the lack of elision of the first vowel and the shortening of the second are unexpected.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈni.(ɦ)ɪ.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈniː.ki.lum]

名詞

nihilum n (genitive nihilī); second declension

1. nothing
   • Vulgata—Isaias 34.11:

     Et possidebunt illam onocrotalus et ericius et ibis et corvus habitabunt in ea et extendetur super eam mensura ut redigatur ad nihilum et perpendiculum in desolationem

     The bittern and ericius shall possess it: and the ibis and the raven shall dwell in it: and a line shall be stretched out upon it, to bring it to nothing, and a plummet, unto desolation.

使用する際の注意点

• The nominative/accusative singular form nihilum is far less frequent overall than the indeclinable nihil. The form nihilum occurs especially as the object of the preposition ad or in, where it has the sense "nothing(ness)", while nihil appears more often without a preposition, and tends instead to have the sense of a negative indefinite pronoun "not anything". But there are rare examples where nihilum is used without a preposition and has the sense "not anything".
• The genitive nihilī is only used in Classical Latin as a genitive of value, with the sense "worthless".
• The ablative form nihilō is often used as an adverb, particularly as part of nihilō minus (“none the less”) (also written nihilōminus).
• No plural forms are attested in Classical Latin. The forms nihila (nom./acc./voc.), nihilōrum (gen.), nihilīs (dat./abl.) are attested in postclassical philosophical or mathematical texts.

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• nihil
• nihilō
• nihilōminus
• nōnnihilō

Further reading

• “nihilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “nihilum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “nihilum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a thing costs nothing: aliquid nihilo or gratis constat
    
• Morwood, James. A Latin Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.