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出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/18 02:25 UTC 版)

From Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch, draw”). Cognates would include Ancient Greek τείνω (teínō), Sanskrit तनोति (tanóti) and 古期英語 þennan. (Can this etymology be sourced?)
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“soft, weak, tender; young, small”) with dissimilation or metathesis: according to M. de Vaan, from Proto-Italic *terenos along with Sabine terenum (“soft”). Further cognates would include Epic Greek τέρην (térēn, “soft, gentle”), Old Armenian թոռն (tʻoṙn, “grandchild”), Middle Armenian թարմ (tʻarm, “fresh”) and Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, tender, juvenile”), तर्ण (tárṇa, “calf”).

tener (feminine tenera, neuter tenerum, comparative tenerior, superlative tenerrimus, adverb tenerē); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	tener	tenera	tenerum	tenerī	tenerae	tenera
genitive	tenerī	tenerae	tenerī	tenerōrum	tenerārum	tenerōrum
dative	tenerō	tenerae	tenerō	tenerīs
accusative	tenerum	teneram	tenerum	tenerōs	tenerās	tenera
ablative	tenerō	tenerā	tenerō	tenerīs
vocative	tener	tenera	tenerum	tenerī	tenerae	tenera

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: téneru, ténneru
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: tinir, tiniru, tinãr
- Istro-Romanian: tiner
- Megleno-Romanian: tinir
- Romanian: tânăr
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: tenero
- Neapolitan: tiénnero
- Sicilian: tènniru, tènnuru
- Venetan: tènaro, tèndro, tènero
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: tenar
- Ladin: tender, tënder
- Romansh: tener, tegnair
Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: tégno, ténio
- Lombard: tender, tendro
- Piedmontese: tënner, tenre, tenr
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: tendro
- Old French: tendre
  - French: tendre
  - → Middle English: tender
    - English: tender
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: tendre
- Occitan: tendre
  - Gascon: tenhèr, trende
  - Languedocien: tenre
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: tienru
- Old Galician-Portuguese: terno
  - Galician: tenro
  - Portuguese: terno, tenro
- Spanish: tierno
Borrowings:
- → Proto-Brythonic: *tɨner (see there for further descendants)

“tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“tener”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“tener”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to be confined to one 's bed: lecto teneri
- (ambiguous) to be in gross error, seriously misled: magno errore teneri
- (ambiguous) to be enamoured of philosophy: philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri (Acad. 1. 2. 4)
- (ambiguous) to cherish a hope: spe duci, niti, teneri
- (ambiguous) to long for a thing, yearn for it: desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse)
- (ambiguous) to be bound by one 's word; to be on one's honour: fide obstrictum teneri (Pis. 13. 29)
- (ambiguous) to have an inclination for a thing: studio alicuius rei teneri
- (ambiguous) to be bound by oath: iureiurando teneri (Off. 3. 27. 100)
- (ambiguous) to be the slave of superstition: superstitione teneri, constrictum esse, obligatum esse
- (ambiguous) to be bound by a law: lege teneri
- (ambiguous) to be convicted by some one's evidence: testibus teneri, convictum esse

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