vitiumとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo- (“apart, wrong”), a derivative of the number *dwóh₁ (“two”)., or Proto-Indo-European *wí (“separate from, both, two”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈwɪ.ti.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈvit.t͡si.um]

名詞

vitium n (genitive vitiī or vitī); second declension

1. flaw, defect, blemish, imperfection
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.147–148:

     accipit ille locus positō vēlāmine cūnctās
     et vitium nūdī corporis omne videt

     That place receives [you] with all [your] garments set aside,
     and exposes every blemish on the naked body.
     (See Fortuna Virilis.)

2. vice
   • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 8.3.41:

     nam prima virtus est vitio carere

     • Translation by Harold Edgeworth Butler

       Since the first of all virtues is the avoidance of faults

       (literally, “For the first virtue is to lack vice”)

3. crime, wrongdoing, misdeed, sin, error, fault

   Synonyms: dēlīctum, peccātum, scelus, noxa, culpa, crīmen, facinus, malum, iniūria, error, dēlinquentia, flāgitium, commissum, maleficium

   Antonyms: bonum, rēctum, virtūs

4. disease (of plants)

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

• vitiō
• vitiōsus
• vituperō

関連する語

• vitiōsitas

派生した語

Further reading

• “vitium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vitium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "vitium", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “vitium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a mistake, solecism: vitium orationis, sermonis or simply vitium
    
  • to be indulgent to a person's faults: indulgere vitiis alicuius
    
  • to be virtuous: virtute praeditum, ornatum esse (opp. vitiis obrutum esse)
    
  • his vices betray themselves: vitia erumpunt (in aliquem) (De Amic. 21. 76)
    
  • to abandon oneself to vice: animum vitiis dedere
    
  • to be tainted with vice: vitiis, sceleribus contaminari or se contaminare (Off. 3. 8. 37)
    
  • to be vicious, criminal: vitiis, sceleribus inquinatum, contaminatum, obrutum esse
    
  • to eradicate vice: vitia exstirpare et funditus tollere
    
  • a life defiled by every crime: vita omnibus flagitiis, vitiis dedita
    
  • to have a natural propensity to vice: natura proclivem esse ad vitia
    
  • (ambiguous) the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
    
  • (ambiguous) to be free from faults: omni vitio carere
    
  • (ambiguous) magistrates elected irregularly (i.e. either when the auspices have been unfavourable or when some formality has been neglected): magistratus vitio creati
    
  • (ambiguous) to reproach, blame a person for..: aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50)
    

参照

• vitium in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2026), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication