英和和英

別の表記

• (abbreviations): abl., Abl.

語源

From 中期英語 ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif, from Old French ablatif (“the ablative case”), from Latin ablātīvus (“expressing removal”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“I take away”). The engineering/nautical sense originates from ablate + -ive.

発音

• (grammar): (米国発音) IPA: /ˈæb.lə.tɪv/
• (engineering, nautical): IPA: /əˈbleɪ.tɪv/

形容詞

ablative (not comparable)

1. (grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
2. (archaic) Pertaining to taking away or removing. [Attested from the mid 16 century until the early 18 century.]
   • 1622, Joseph Hall, The Works of Joseph Hall: Sermons‎, page 123:

     Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.

3. (engineering, nautical, astronautics) Sacrificial, wearing away or being destroyed in order to protect the underlying material, as in ablative paints used for antifouling, or ablative heat shields used to protect spacecraft during reentry. [First attested in 1959.].
   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Weapons: Ablative Armor Codex entry:

     The inner layer of warship protection consists of ablative armor plate designed to "boil away" when heated. The vaporized armor material scatters a DEW beam, rendering it ineffectual.

4. (medicine) Relating to the removal of a body part, tumor, or organ. [First attested in the mid 20 century.]
5. (geology) Relating to the erosion of a land mass; relating to the melting or evaporation of a glacier. [First attested in the mid 20 century.]

派生語

名詞

ablative (plural ablatives)

1. (grammar) The ablative case. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
2. An ablative material. [Mid 20 century.]

派生語

参照

形容詞

ablātīve

1. vocative masculine singular of ablātīvus