英和和英

名詞

baca

1. genitive plural of bæc
2. genitive plural of bæċ

語源

Unknown. Possibly:

• If from Proto-Indo-European, it may be connected to Lithuanian bapkas (“berry, laurel”), which renders a sound-symbolic root *bab- (“to be round; small fruit”), evolving into *bab-ca and finally bā̆(c)ca (with compensatory lengthening or gemination). This etymology suffers from phonological problems as well as the paucity of cognates, but for the alternation compare the pairs cippus : cīpus and littera : lītera.
• Somehow related to Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos, “Bacchus; twig used as a symbol of Bacchus?”), which cannot be inherited and may be Pre-Greek or Anatolian in origin.
• More likely, from a local substrate source perhaps shared with Proto-Berber *bqā (“blackberry, mulberry, shrub berry”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈbaː.ka]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈbaː.ka]

名詞

bāca f (genitive bācae); first declension

1. various small fruit of trees and shrubs: a berry, stone fruit (including olives, cherries)
   • 23 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis historia 16.219:

     Et hāctenus sint speciēs ac genera pōmōrum: nātūrās artius colligī pār est. alia siliquīs distinguntur, ipsīs dulcibus sēmenque conplexīs amārum, cum in plūribus sēmina placeant, in siliquā damnentur; alia bācīs, quārum intus lignum et extrā carō, ut olīvīs, cerasīs; aliquōrum intus bācae, forīs lignum, ut iīs quae in Aegyptō dīximus gignī. quae bācīs nātūra, eadem et pōmīs.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. an olive fruit in particular, an olive-berry

   Synonyms: olīva, olea

   • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 2.519:

     Venit hiems: teritur Sicyonia baca trapetis,
     glande sues laeti redeunt, dant arbuta silvae;
     et varios ponit fetus autumnus et alte
     mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis.

     • Translation by James B. Greenough

       Winter is come: in olive-mills they bruise
       The Sicyonian berry; acorn-cheered
       The swine troop homeward; woods their arbutes yield;
       So, various fruit sheds Autumn, and high up
       On sunny rocks the mellowing vintage bakes.

3. a pearl

   Synonyms: margarīta, margarītum

4. a coral bead or piece

語形変化

First-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “baca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “baca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "baca", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “baca”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.