英和和英

語源

Borrowed from French exploitation, from exploiter (“exploit”), from Latin explicō (“unfold, deploy”). By surface analysis, exploit +‎ -ation.

発音

• IPA: /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/
• 韻: -eɪʃən
• ハイフネーション: ex‧ploi‧ta‧tion

名詞

exploitation (countable and uncountable, plural exploitations)

1. The act of utilizing something; industry.

   Hyponyms: overexploitation, underexploitation

   the exploitation of natural resources

   • 1936, Harold Laski, “The Rise of European Liberalism”, in Collected Works of Harold Laski, London: Routledge, published 1997, page 20:

     Whereas in the middle ages the idea of acquiring wealth was limited by a body of moral rules imposed under the sanction of religious authority, after 1500 those rules, and the institutions, habits, and ideas to which they had given birth, were no longer deemed adequate. They were felt as constraint. There were evaded, criticized, abandoned, because it was felt that they interfered with the exploitation of the means of production.

2. The improper use of something for selfish purposes.

   the exploitation of children in beauty pageants

   • 2018 January 22, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Monday, Jan 22, 2018:

     "The second function is for seers who have used magic, but do not know about the second function. This criteria selects the informed while preventing premeditated exploitation of this function."

3. The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a right.

   Undocumented migrants are vulnerable to exploitation.

   • 1978 [1976], Leszek Kołakowski, translated by P[aul] S[teven] Falla, Main Currents of Marxism, volume I: The Founders, Oxford: Clarendon Press, translation of Główne nurty marksizmu: powstanie (in Polish), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 333:

     The abolition of exploitation meant, in his view, not that workers should receive the equivalent of what they produced, but that the surplus value they do not receive in wages should accrue to society in the form of fresh investments, emergency reserves, payment for necessary 'unproductive' services, administration, etc., plus provision for those unable to work.

4. The marketing and promotion of a film.
   • 1928, Canada. Dept. of Trade and Commerce, Annual Report:

     This territory continued to be the greatest field for the exploitation and distribution of our films non-theatrically, […]

   • 2017, Finola Kerrigan, Film Marketing:

     The difference is that obtaining increased financial input during the production phase of the film reduces the risk during the exploitation phase.

5. A genre of media focused on lurid depictions of topical social issues such as violence, sexuality and marginalized groups.

   Hyponym: exploitation film

   • 2013 June 29, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, Passion for Place Book II: Between the Vital Spacing and the Creative Horizons of Fulfilment, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:

     […] certainly it is not an adventure story, either, as McKernan seems to suggest, an exploitation novel aiming to attract readers through the use of "the odd," "the perverse," or "the exotic."

   • 2016 September 23, Pawel Aleksandrowicz, The Cinematography of Roger Corman: Exploitation Filmmaker or Auteur?, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 21:

     It is here that we arrive at the main question of this paper: can an exploitation director be an auteur?

派生語

関連する語

• exploit
• exploitable

Further reading

• Raymond Williams (1983), “Exploitation”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 130.