英和和英

語源

Ultimately from the prefix ortho-.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈɔː.θəʊ/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈoɹ.θoʊ/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)θəʊ
• ハイフネーション: or‧tho

名詞

ortho (countable and uncountable, plural orthos)

1. (countable, chemistry) An isomer of a benzene derivative having two substituents adjacent on the ring.
   • 1887 December 21, Thomas M. Morgan, “On Some Derivatives of Ortho-Nitro-Cinnamic Acid”, in Chemical News‎:

     When the cinnamic acid had been nitrated the ortho was separated from the para, by suspending in alcohol and leading hydrochloric acid gas into the mixture : […] .

   • 2009 February 27, P. Neumann et al., “Response to Comment on "Multipartite Entanglement Among Single Spins in Diamond"”, in Science‎, volume 323, number 5918, →DOI:

     Similarly, it also does not make sense to call the spin states of ortho and para hydrogen entangled.

2. (countable, astronomy) A certain type of flat eyepiece.
   • 1998, Terence Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe, page 76:

     Orthos are excellent eyepieces, still preferred by some backyard astronomers for medium- and high-power applications, especially planetary observing.

3. (countable, photography, dated) An orthochromatic plate.
   • 1908 June, Charles F. Rice, “On the Use of Orthochromatic Plates”, in Photographic Times, page 174:

     Wherever the exposure is likely to be cut short— and this includes all high speed work and most portraiture — the ortho is not so suitable as the ordinary plate.

4. (countable, linguistics) Clipping of orthography.
5. (countable, photography) Clipping of orthophoto.
   • 2001, Drew Decker, GIS Data Sources, page 105:

     The typical orthophoto building process is a long one, however, and the photography that the orthos are based may be several years old before an orthophoto is ready for distribution.

6. (uncountable, medicine) Clipping of orthopedics.

アナグラム

• Rooth, thoro

別の表記

• orth- (before vowel)

語源

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ɔː.θə-/, /ɔːˈθɒ-/
• (General American) IPA: /oɹ.θə-/, /oɹˈθɑ-/
• ハイフネーション: or‧tho-

接頭辞

ortho-

1. Right angle, perpendicular.

   In this sense, it is the angle that is "right" or straight rather than the line; orthogon is a right-angle triangle, orthocentric is a tetrahedron where all three pairs of opposite edges are perpendicular, orthoclastic is a crystal whose cleavage planes are at right angles. Synonym: cross-

2. Proper, righteous, pure.

   E.g., orthorexia is an unhealthy fixation with healthy or righteous eating, an orthotaxon is a true taxon based biological relationships rather than form, orthology is speech which is proper, orthoquartzite is very pure quartz sandstone. Synonym: eu-

3. To correct or fix.

   E.g., orthophotography is the geometrical correction of aerial photographs, orthoptics is the treatment of muscular irregularities of the eye, orthodontics is the correcting of misaligned teeth. Synonym: fix-

4. Same, from the same.

   E.g., An orthocousin, unlike a cross-cousin, is on the same side of the family; orthogamy is when a plant's ovules are fertilized by pollen from the same plant; orthochronous is a transformation which preserves the direction of time. Synonym: ipsi-

5. Normal, ordinary.

   E.g., orthocclusion is normal occlusion, orthodromic is when neurological impulses are passed in the normal direction, orthogravitropism is the ordinary effect of gravity on plants Synonym: normo-

6. Straight in form.

   E.g., orthoconic is a mollusc shell that is straight rather than spiraled, orthodentin is dentin composed of straight tubes, orthognathous is straight-jawed. Synonym: recti-.

7. (crystallography) Orthorhombic crystal structure.

   E.g., orthochrysotile is an orthorhombic chrysotile, orthopyroxene is a pyroxene that forms orthorhombic crystals, orthohexagonal is having orthorhombic hexagonal symmetry.

8. (organic chemistry) In isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in adjacent (1,2) positions (compare meta- and para-).

   E.g., orthophenylene, orthosubstitution, orthocleavage.

9. (chemistry) Having an extra proportion of water.

   E.g., orthophosphate, orthosilicate, orthoferrite.

10. Independent, separate.

    E.g., orthogonal as in statistically independent, orthopair is a pair of disjoint subsets, orthogonal in the sense of two aspects of a software problem are able to be treated separately.

11. Original, primary.

    E.g., orthonasal is the first direction from which olfaction happens; orthosteric is the original and unmodulated binding site; orthotone is when a speaker retains the accent. Synonym: proto-

12. Parallel lines or columns.

    E.g., orthostyle is a series of columns in architecture, an ortholinear keyboard has the keys aligned in straight columns, an orthographic projection has its rays parallel. Synonym: para-

13. (physics) Of any molecule of the form X₂ in which the two nuclei have parallel spin.

    E.g., orthopositronium, orthohelium, orthoquarkonium.

14. (medicine) Orthopaedics.

    E.g., orthogeriatrics is the combination of orthopaedics and geriatrics, orthosurgeon is an orthopaedic surgeon, orthoroentgenography is orthopedic roentgenography.

15. Vertical or upright in movement.

    E.g., orthotropic is to grow vertically (up or down), orthostasis describes the state of the human body in a standing position, orthograde is walking or standing in that position.

16. (geology) Igneous.

    E.g., orthogneiss is a gneiss derived from igneous, rather than sedimentary (paragneiss); orthoamphibolite, orthocumulate.

    Synonym: igneo-

派生語

アナグラム

• Rooth, thoro