Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
durus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/13 03:53 UTC 版)
語源
Inherited from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós (“long”), from *dweh₂- + *-rós. Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दू॒र (dūrá, “distant; far; long”), though there are semantic problems if the change “long” > “enduring” (see dūrō) is not accepted.
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard; fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm; strong”), 古期英語 trum (“strong; firm”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈduː.rʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈduː.rus]
形容詞
dūrus (feminine dūra, neuter dūrum, comparative dūrior, superlative dūrissimus, adverb dūrē or dūriter); first/second-declension adjective
- (of a touch) hard; rough
- Synonyms: firmus, rōbustus
- (of a taste) harsh
- hardy; vigorous
- (figuratively) hard; harsh; unyielding; unfeeling; stern; cruel; inexorable; insensible
- oppressive; severe
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | dūrus | dūra | dūrum | dūrī | dūrae | dūra | |
| genitive | dūrī | dūrae | dūrī | dūrōrum | dūrārum | dūrōrum | |
| dative | dūrō | dūrae | dūrō | dūrīs | |||
| accusative | dūrum | dūram | dūrum | dūrōs | dūrās | dūra | |
| ablative | dūrō | dūrā | dūrō | dūrīs | |||
| vocative | dūre | dūra | dūrum | dūrī | dūrae | dūra | |
派生語
- dūracinus
- dūricordia
- dūricorius
- dūritia
関連する語
派生した語
- Catalan: dur
- Dalmatian: doir
- Franco-Provençal: dur
- French: dur
- Friulian: dûr
- Galician: duro
- Istriot: doûro
- Italian: duro
- Ligurian: dûo
- Lombard: dür
- Norman: dû
- Occitan: dur
- Portuguese: duro
- Romanian: dur
- Romansh: dir
- Sardinian: duru
- Sicilian: duru
- Spanish: duro
- Venetan: duro, dur
- Walloon: deur
- → Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)
- → English: dure
- → German: Dur
- → Middle Irish: dúr
参照
Further reading
- “durus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “durus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "durus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “durus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, 1st edition. (Oxford University Press)
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