英和和英

語源

De Vaan derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥k-eh₁- (“to be soaked; to be weak”), from a root *merk-. The term theoretically could reflect either the development of *mr̥k- into *mo-, which then may have unrounded to *ma-, or the term may reflect the vocalization of *mr̥k- as *mark-. De Vaan opts for the latter solution, arguing that the forms murcidus imply an o-grade pre-form *mo-, in which case it would be best to assume an original zero-grade pre-form for the verb. If this theory is accepted, then the Proto-Italic intermediary would take the shape *markēō. Schrijver, alternatively, opts to derive the term from earlier Proto-Italic *mork-ē-, from *mr̥k-eh₁-, on the basis that an original stative stem implies that the root likely lacked the o-grade. Regarding the cognates, De Vaan compares Hittite 𒈥𒆠𒅀𒍣 (mar-ki-ya-zi, “to disapprove of, refuse”), Sanskrit मृच् (mṛc, “to injure”), Lithuanian mer̃kti (“to soak”), Middle High German meren (“to dip bread into water or wine”).

The proposed connections with murcus, ἀμόργη (amórgē), Proto-Celtic *mrakis (“malt”) and Lithuanian markýti (“to macerate, to ret”) are problematic for various reasons.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈmar.ke.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈmar.t͡ʃe.o]

動詞

marceō (present infinitive marcēre, perfect active marcuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

1. to wither, droop, shrink, shrivel
   • 64, Seneca, De Providentia:

     Marcet sine adversario virtus.

     Valour without an adversary withers.

2. to be faint, weak, lazy or languid

Conjugation

派生語

関連する語

• marcidulus
• marculentus

派生した語

Reflexes of the late variant marcīre:

参照

• “marceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “marceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “marceo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “marceo”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, pages 386–387