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murcus

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/28 02:20 UTC 版)


語源

Uncertain. The term is perhaps connected with marceō (“to be soaked”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *merk-. However, according to the linguist Nicholas Zair, it is most likely that the Latin verb showcases a development of Proto-Indo-European *mr̥k- to Proto-Italic *mork-, which then unrounded to *ma-. If this is accepted, then—according to Zair—the form murcus cannot be directly derived from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥k-o- or *mork-o-, and must instead have been borrowed from some other Indo-European substrate language where the unrounding never took place. De Vaan, however, suggests that a zero-grade Proto-Indo-European form *mr̥k- would have instead vocalized as Proto-Italic *mark-, whence marceō, whereas the o-grade would have regularly produced forms such as murcidus. Alternatively, the term may have emerged as back-formation from murcidus.

The Hesychius hapax Ancient Greek μύρκος (múrkos), μυρικᾶς (murikâs, “mute, dumb”), transmitted as being used in Syracuse, is deemed by Oikonomos, Ernout/Meillet and Beekes borrowed from Latin.

発音

名詞

murcus m (genitive murcī); second declension (very rare)

  1. shortened, mutilated
    • 8–9th C. CE, Glossarium Amplonianum primum in Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum (volume V), Georg Goetz, Bibliotheca Teubneriana, Leipzig 1888, page 371, line 19:
      murcus curtus
  2. (military) a coward, who, to escape military service, cuts off his thumb

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative murcus murcī
genitive murcī murcōrum
dative murcō murcīs
accusative murcum murcōs
ablative murcō murcīs
vocative murce murcī

派生語

参照

  1. ↑ Zair, Nicholas (2017), “The origins of -urC- for expected -orC- in Latin”, in Glotta‎, volume 93, →ISSN, pages 261-262
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “marceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 364
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