英和和英

語源

From German Umlaut in the 19^th century, from um- or um (“around, re-, trans-”) + Laut (“sound”), from Old High German hlūt. More at umb, loud.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈʌm.laʊt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈʊm.laʊt/, /ˈum.laʊt/
• 韻: -aʊt

名詞

umlaut (複数形 umlauts または umlaute)

1. (linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants.
2. (linguistics) The umlaut process (as above) that occurred historically in Germanic languages whereby back vowels became front vowels when followed by syllable containing a front vocoid (e.g. Germanic lūsiz > Old English lȳs(i) > Modern English lice).
3. (linguistics) A vowel so assimilated.
4. (orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel
5. (informal, orthography) A diaeresis.

   "Naïve" takes an umlaut because it is pronounced as two syllables.

使用する際の注意点

• Although this symbol has the same form as the diaeresis/dieresis, it has a different function and so in standard and technical usage these two terms are not interchangeable. The term for the diacritic mark, as opposed to its function, is trema.
• When spelling a German word out loud, one can say “(vowel) umlaut” or “umlauted (vowel)”. e.g. “o umlaut” or “umlauted o” (ö). (German practice is to say “o Umlaut”, または more commonly to pronounce the letters, so the name of "Ö" is [øː], just as "A" is [aː] かつ "B" is [beː].) In the North of Germany, "ä" and "e" are pronounced identically; therefore, one would tend to say "a Umlaut" to avoid confusion.
• In alphabetic orders, "ä, ö, ü" are treated as "a, o, u" or "ae, oe, ue" in German (so the word lügen comes directly after または before the word lugen). In other languages, such as Swedish, the umlaut letters may have their own position in the alphabet.
• The usual English plural is umlauts, but the form umlaute (after the German) has seen some use. It is quite rare, however.

同意語

• (orthography): trema
• (linguistics): vowel mutation

派生語

• heavy metal umlaut

関連する語

• vowel harmony

動詞

umlaut (三人称単数 現在形 umlauts, 現在分詞 umlauting, 過去形および過去分詞形 umlauted)

1. (transitive) To place an umlaut over (a vowel).
2. (linguistics, transitive) To modify (a word) so that an umlaut is required in it.

   an umlauting vowel

参考

• diaeresis, dieresis

アナグラム

• mutual