arborとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

別の表記

• arbour (主に英国用法)

名詞

arbor (複数形 arbors または arbores)

1. A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
2. A grove of trees.

派生語

• Ann Arbor

関連する語

• arboreal
• arboreous
• arborescent
• arboretum
• arbor vitae
• herb

語源 2

Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

名詞

arbor (複数形 arbors または arbores)

1. An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
2. A bar for supporting cutting tools.
3. A spindle of a wheel.

アナグラム

• Barro, borra

Latin

arbor (a tree)

別の表記

• arbōs

語源

By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, cognate with arduus (“high”): the meaning is "high plant"; the Indo-European /dʰ/ was shifted to /b/. From the Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high, to grow”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈar.bɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈar.bɔr]

名詞

arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

1. a tree
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 10:

     Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco

     Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.

   felix arbor ― a fruit-bearing tree

   arbores serere ― to plant trees

   (specifically with the genitive of the species)

   arbor alni ― an alder tree

   arbores ficorum ― fig trees

2. (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood

   arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)

   centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar

   Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo

   (please add the primary text of this usage example) ― the shaft of a javelin, a javelin

   (please add the primary text of this usage example) ― the lever or bar of a press, press-beam

   (euphemistic)

   arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet

3. (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)
4. vocative singular of arbor

語形変化

• A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.

Third-declension noun.

同意語

• (mast of a ship): mālus
• (javelin): iaculum, pīlum

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参考

• pōmus
• silva

Further reading

• arbor in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

参照

• arbor in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• arbor in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    
  • the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
    
  • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    
  • to fell trees: arbores caedere