arborとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

別の表記

• arbour (主に英国用法)

名詞

arbor (複数形 arbors または arbores)

1. A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
   • 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 24:

     Children swung from the branches of the banyan tree, teenagers climbed into the arbours of orchids and gourds into which the abandoned cars had been transformed.

2. A grove of trees.

派生語

関連する語

• arboreal
• arboreous
• arborescent
• arboretum
• arbor vitae
• herb

語源 2

Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

名詞

arbor (複数形 arbors または arbores)

1. An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
2. A bar for supporting cutting tools.
3. A spindle of a wheel.

派生語

アナグラム

• Barro, Brora, borra

Latin

別の表記

• arbōs

語源

By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, cognate with arduus (“high”): the meaning is "high plant". From the Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high, to grow”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.bor/, [ˈärbor]

名詞

arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

1. a tree
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 10:

     Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco

     Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.

   felix arbor ― a fruit-bearing tree

   arbores serere ― to plant trees

   (specifically with the genitive of the species) arbor alni ― an alder tree

   arbores ficorum ― fig trees

2. (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood

   arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)

   Synonym: mālus

   centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar

   Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo

   Synonyms: iaculum, pīlum

   (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet

3. (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)

語形変化

• A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
• A rare locative singular arborī is attested.

Third-declension noun.

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

参照

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 533: “un albero” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang (2008-), “*/ˈarbor-e/”, in Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman, Nancy: Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française.

Further reading

• “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    
  • the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
    
  • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    
  • to fell trees: arbores caedere