differentiaとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /dɪfəˈɹɛnʃɪə/

名詞

differentia (複数形 differentiae)

1. (semantics, logic, taxonomy) A distinguishing feature which marks a species off from other members of the same genus.
   • 1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Folio Society 2008, p. 38:

     That character, it seems to me, should be regarded as the practically important differentia of religion for our purpose.

   • 1928, E. M. Edghill, Categories, translation of original by Aristotle:

     If genera are different and co-ordinate, their differentiae are themselves different in kind. Take as an instance the genus ‘animal’ and the genus ‘knowledge’. ‘With feet’, ‘two-footed’, ‘winged’, ‘aquatic’, are differentiae of ‘animal’; the species of knowledge are not distinguished by the same differentiae.

   • 2017, Kory Stamper, Word By Word, Vintage 2018, p. 116:

     In the case of a word like “surfboard,” the differentiae seem pretty clear. How is this board different from all other boards?

参考

• criterion
• definiendum

Latin

語源

From differō (“I am different”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /dif.feˈren.ti.a/, [dɪf.fɛˈrɛn.ti.a]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /dif.feˈren.t͡si.a/

名詞

differentia f (genitive differentiae); first declension

1. difference
2. diversity

Inflection

First declension.

Participle

differentia

1. nominative neuter plural of differens
2. accusative neuter plural of differens
3. vocative neuter plural of differens

参照

• differentia in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• differentia in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• differentia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• differentia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette