英和和英

固有名詞

Changan

1. (historical, sometimes proscribed) Alternative spelling of Chang'an, former name of Xi'an: a city, the former capital of China.
   • 1884 September-October, J. Edkins, “Tauism in the Tsʽin and Han Dynasties.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume XV, number 5, page 342:

     In the poems of the historian Pʽan Ku, who belong to the 1st century there are two celebrated for their description of the palaces of Changan and Loyang. He wrote the first of these in order to persuade the emperor not to allow the old imperial buildings at Changan to be destroyed.

   • 1891, E. Koch, “On two Stones with Chinese Inscriptions.”, in E. Delmar Morgan, transl., Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 452:

     The second line contains a reference to the eastern capital under the T’ang dynasty, viz. the town of Lo yang, near the present Ho nan fu, in the province of Ho-nan, as distinguished from Changan the chief town, otherwise known as Si ngan fu.¹

     ¹ Cf. Sin T’ang shu (New History of the T’ang Dynasty), Geographical summary. [Chang gan “ was probably the most celebrated city in Chinese history and the capital of several of the most potent dynasties.” But it is chiefly remarkable as the site of the discovery of the stone Christian monument dating from the eighth century, cf. Yule’s Marco Polo, second edition, vol. ii. p. 21. — M.

   • 1977 February 6, T.K. Yang, “Chopsticks look simple-but beginners may have trouble!”, in Free China Weekly‎, volume XVIII, number 6, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 5:

     On the streets of Changan, the capital city of the Han Dynasty, there were many pork shops, wine shops and restaurants selling cooked meats and drinks.

   • 2002, Charles Benn, “History”, in Daily Life in Traditional China: The Tang Dynasty‎, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 10:

     He also enjoyed unprecedented favor from the emperor, who appointed him to high-ranking offices, dubbed him prince (a privilege usually reserved for members of the imperial clan), had a mansion built for him in Changan, and granted him the right to mint coins. By 755 An became aware that Chief Minister Yang, a cousin of Yang Guifei, in Changan was plotting to remove him from power and began to fear that he was losing the emperor's favor.

2. (sometimes proscribed) Alternative form of Chang'an, a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
   • 1991 [1987], Zou Zongxu, translated by Susan Whitfield, The Land Within the Passes: A History of Xian‎, Viking, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 68:

     The exact sites of Feng and Hao have yet to be verified, but seven pits containing chariots, horses and other Zhou burial objects were discovered at Fengxi, and a concentration of Western Zhou relics and tombs was found in the area of Doumen in Changan County on the east bank of the Feng River.

   • 2014 August 18, Andrea Chen, “Chinese city limits divorces to 15 a day to help troubled couples 'think again'”, in South China Morning Post‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on September 14, 2014, China‎:

     The actions of the Civil Affairs Bureau, in Changan District, have been criticised by microbloggers and the state’s official Xinhua News Agency, which claimed yesterday that it had abused its administrative powers and intruded on couples' basic rights by introducing the quota of 15 divorce registrations each day.
     Only the first 15 couples to arrive at the Civil Affairs Bureau, in Changan District, after it opened at 8.30am were able to file for a divorce each day, Sanqin Metropolis Daily reported on Friday.

Further reading

• Chang'an, Changan, Ch'ang-an at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
• “Changan, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “Changan”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

別の表記

• Ch'ang-an, Changan

語源

From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 長安 / 长安 (Cháng'ān).

発音

• IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɑŋˌɑn/, /ˈt͡ʃæŋˌæn/
• enPR: chängʹänʹ

固有名詞

Chang'an

1. (historical) An ancient capital of various Chinese empires, located within present-day Xi'an.
   • 2020 May 11, Ligaya Mishan, “Eating in Xi’an, Where Wheat and Lamb Speak to China’s Varied Palette”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 11 May 2020‎:

     The Chinese government started laying intercity high-speed track in 2005, and today, its network is the longest and most heavily relied upon of any nation’s. Six hours are enough to devour the over 900 miles from Shanghai to Xi’an, the landlocked capital of Shaanxi Province in China’s central northwest, standing on the bones of the imperial city of Chang’an. In the seventh and eighth centuries A.D., this was the center of not only China but the globe — the eastern origin of the trade routes we call the Silk Road and the nexus of a cross-cultural traffic in ideas, technology, art and food that altered the course of history as decisively as the Columbian Exchange eight centuries later. A million people lived within Chang’an’s pounded-earth walls, including travelers and traders from Central, Southeast, South and Northeast Asia and followers of Buddhism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism. All the while, Shanghai was a mere fishing village, the jittery megapolis of the future not yet a ripple on the face of time.

   • 2020 September 29, The Information Office of Xi'an Municipal Government, “Spellbinding Xi`an: Where Ancient and Modern Collide”, in Reuters‎, archived from the original on 11 November 2020, Paid Content:

     At the height of its prominence during the Tang dynasty (618-907), Xi’an, then known as Chang’an, was one of the world’s largest and most populous cities, although its history actually stretches back more than 6,500 years to the Neolithic period. […]
     Since Han dynasty diplomat Zhang Qian blazed a trail westward from Chang’an more than 2,000 years ago, trade and traditions from around the world have flowed along the Silk Road, shaping Xi’an’s uniquely cosmopolitan culture.

2. A district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
   • 2023 August 13, “At least 4 dead after landslide in north China’s Xi’an”, in EFE‎, archived from the original on 19 November 2023‎:

     This aerial photo shows the site of the mud slide in Weiziping Village of Luanzhen Township on the outskirts of Chang’an District, Xi’an of northwest China’s Shaanxi Province 12 August 2023. […]
     The landslide occurred on Friday night in Weiziping village in Chang’an district shortly after heavy rains and floods in the province.
     Two houses in Chang’an were washed away and nearby roads, bridges, power supply facilities were damaged.

派生語

• Chang'an Avenue

参照

Further reading

• Chang'an, Changan, Ch'ang-an, Chang-an at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
• Saul B. Cohen, editor (2008), “Chang'an”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎, 2nd edition, volume 1, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 724, column 3