英和和英

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

接尾辞

-ad (noun-forming suffix, plural -ads)

1. A unit or set (especially of a specified number).

   chiliad, duodecad

派生語

• -adic

語源 2

Derived from Latin ad (“at”), from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd. Coined by British anatomist John Barclay.

接尾辞

-ad (adverb-forming suffix, comparative more -ad, superlative most -ad)

1. (medicine, anatomy) toward

   tibiad; ulnad

等位語

• (didn't catch on) -en

派生語

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

語形変化

参考

発音

• IPA: /æd/
• 韻: -æd
• Homophone: add

語源 1

Clipping of advertise, advertising, advertisement, or advertiser.

名詞

ad (plural ads)

1. Clipping of advertisement.

   Synonym: advert

   I have placed both of the ads in the newspaper as instructed.

   • 2005, Dafydd Fell, “Party change on the national identity issue”, in Party Politics in Taiwan: Party change and the democratic evolution of Taiwan, 1991–2004‎, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 114:

     However, the ad that was seen as the most successful in 2000 reflected Chen Shui-bian's Taiwanese roots, that was the Kuantien Ad that showed the small town where he had grown up, his neighbours, relatives and people that had known him as a child.

   • 2019 July 28, Sam Wolfson, “Looking for Mr T: the politicisation of testosterone”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 22 August 2024:

     In the final few weeks before the vote, a rash of ads appeared on radio and TV claiming that Hillary Clinton was too frail, too liberal and too ethically compromised to become president. […] Not many people took Morris’s ad too seriously; most news outlets were pleased for a frothy story in an election that was short on light relief.

2. Clipping of advertising.
3. Clipping of advertiser.

派生語

語源 2

Clipping of advantage.

名詞

ad (plural ads)

1. (tennis) Advantage; also, designating the left-hand side, from the player's point of view, of their half of the court, where the advantage point following a deuce is always played.
   • 2006, David Foster Wallace, “Federer Both Flesh And Not”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 5:

     [S]uddenly Agassi hits a hard heavy cross-court back hand that pulls Federer way out to his ad (= his left) side, and Federer gets to it but slices the stretch backhand short, a couple feet past the service line […] .

2. (debating) Advantage

   ads and disads

派生語

• ad in
• ad out

語源 3

Borrowed from Latin ad (“to, on”).

前置詞

ad

1. to, toward

関連する語

アナグラム

• D. A., D.A., DA, Da, da

発音

• IPA: /ɑːd/
• 韻: -ɑːd

名詞

ād m

1. funeral pyre

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

派生した語

• Middle English: ād

語源

From Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”). Cognates include English at.

The accusative is from the hypothesized pre-PIE allative (or 'directional'), which merged with the accusative case in Proto-Italic.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈad]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈad]

前置詞

ad (+ accusative)

1. toward, to (direction)
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 4:

     Fugere ad puppim collēs campīque videntur.

     The hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship.

   • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 2:

     Meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum.

     At noon the shadows fall towards the north, [and] at sunrise, point to the west.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.93:

     Duplices tendens ad sidera palmas.

     Stretching both hands to the stars.

2. up to (indicating direction upwards)
3. near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita I.33:

     ad Murciae datae sedes

     the residences being given near the Murcia

4. against, on, upon (indicating position)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de bello Gallico 6.27:

     Sē ad arborēs applicant.

     They are leaning against the trees.

5. against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
6. to, for (indicating a target or recipient)
   • 68 BCE – 44 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 8.15.1:

     Habes ad primam epistulam.

     You have [my answers] to your first letter. (or, up to your first letter)

7. (temporal uses):
   1. at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)
   2. until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
8. for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)

   Ad maiōrem Deī glōriam.

   For the greater glory of God.

9. in order to, to, for (indicating means)
10. in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
11. in consequence of
12. among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)
13. about, around, approximately, thereabout (of numbers)
14. according to (indicating conformity)
15. in various adverbial idioms:

    ad amussim

    ad unguem

使用する際の注意点

• The word ad is an antithesis to ab (just as in is to ex; in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.)
• Often used of geographical position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs iaceō (“lie, be situated”), vergō (“incline, slope”), spectō (“observe, see”) etc.:

  Asia iacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquilonem.

  Asia lies near the prime meridian and the south, Europe near the northern regions and northern wind. (There are two words for north.)

  Ad Atticam vergente.

  Inclining to Attic.

• Regarding sense 6, a verb indicating speaking or sending using the dative case for its target can often replace the usual syntax by said verb + ad + target (in the accusative case).

派生語

派生した語

参照

Further reading

• “ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ad”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ad", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)