英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 temporal, temporel (“transitory, worldly, material, of secular society”), from Old French temporel or Latin temporālis (“of time (in grammar), temporary, relating to time as opposed to eternity”), from tempus (“time, period, opportunity”) +‎ -ālis.

形容詞

temporal (not generally comparable, comparative more temporal, superlative most temporal)

1. (relational) Of or relating to the material world, as opposed to sacred or clerical.

   Synonyms: secular, lay, civil, worldly; see also Thesaurus:secular

   Antonyms: spiritual, ecclesiastical

   temporal power, temporal courts

   The Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled (The official title of the House of Lords)

   • 1945 September and October, C. Hamilton Ellis, “Royal Trains—V”, in Railway Magazine, page 252:

     The [papal] train was in use until 1871, when the Pope [Pius IX] lost his temporal power.

   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England, Penguin Books, page 166:

     Not long before, he had ruefully acknowledged in a letter to his pious mother that most of his appointments to the bench of bishops had been motivated by distinctly temporal impulses.

2. (relational) Relating to time:
   1. Of limited time, transient, passing, not perpetual, as opposed to eternal.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 4:18:

        The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.

      1. (euphemistic) Lasting for a short time only.
   2. Of or relating to time as distinguished from space.
   3. Of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time.

      Synonym: chronological

   4. (grammar) Relating to or denoting time or tense.

派生語

名詞

temporal (plural temporals)

1. (chiefly in the plural) Anything temporal or secular; a temporality.
   • 1684, John Dryden, The History of the League, translation of Histoire de la Ligue by Louis Maimbourg:

     for God's people love always to be dealing as well in temporals as spirituals

   • 1876, James Russell Lowell, “Dante”, in Among My Books. Second Series., Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, page 30:

     He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor in temporals.

語源 2

From 中期英語, from Middle French timporal, temporal, from Late Latin temporālis, from tempora (“the temples of the head”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of temporalis.

形容詞

temporal (not comparable)

1. (anatomy, relational) Of or situated in the temples of the head or the sides of the skull behind the orbits.

派生語

名詞

temporal (plural temporals)

1. (anatomy) Ellipsis of temporal bone.
2. (zootomy) Any of a reptile's scales on the side of the head between the parietal and supralabial scales, and behind the postocular scales.

参照

• “temporal”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “temporal”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “temporal”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.