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Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
natrix
語源
From Proto-Italic *natriks, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)nh₁-tr-ih₂-[1]. Cognate with German Natter, English adder. According to a proposal of André Martinet, the /ks/ in the nominative singular developed from word-final *h₂s, and /ik/ subsequently spread from the nominative singular to other forms of the word by paradigmatic leveling; Schrijver 1991 rejects this hypothesis, but Rasmussen 1993 considers it plausible.[2]
A pronunciation with a long vowel in the second syllable is attested by the time of Priscian (see Pronunciation below); this may have been caused by the much greater frequency of nouns ending in -īx, -īcis compared to those ending in -ĭx, -ĭcis, and more specifically by the possibility of reinterpreting the word as a feminine agent noun derived from the verb no, nāre (“swim”) and the suffix -trīx (“-tress”).
発音
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈna.triːks/, [ˈnät̪riːks̠] or IPA(key): /ˈna.triks/, [ˈnät̪rɪks̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈna.triks/, [ˈnäːt̪riks]
The fragment of Lucilius cited below (definition 2) requires both vowels to be short in order for the line to scan as a hexameter.[3] However, the 6th-century grammarian Priscian lists this word among deverbal nouns ending in -trīx with long ī, implying that by his time an analogically altered form with a long vowel in the second syllable was in use.[4]
名詞
natrī̆x f or m (genitive natrī̆cis); third declension
- water snake
- c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Dialogi 4.31.8.2:
- Ne viperas quidem et natrices et si qua morsu aut ictu nocent effligeremus, si in reliquum mansuefacere possemus aut efficere ne nobis aliisve periculo essent; ergo ne homini quidem nocebimus quia peccavit, sed ne peccet, nec umquam ad praeteritum sed ad futurum poena referetur; non enim irascitur sed cavet.
- Metaphor of disputed meaning; perhaps denoting either a penis or a type of whip.[5][6]
- name of a plant
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | natrī̆x | natrī̆cēs |
| Genitive | natrī̆cis | natrī̆cum |
| Dative | natrī̆cī | natrī̆cibus |
| Accusative | natrī̆cem | natrī̆cēs |
| Ablative | natrī̆ce | natrī̆cibus |
| Vocative | natrī̆x | natrī̆cēs |
派生した語
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “natrix, -icis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402
- ^ Rasmussen, Jens Elmegård (1993), REVIEW ARTICLE, "Peter Schrijver: The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Latin. Rodopi, Amsterdam - Atlanta, GA 1991 (Leiden Studies in Indo-European 2). XL + 616 pp." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics, 26:1, 175-205
- ^ Ingram, John K. (1883) "Notes on Latin Lexicography. II.—On the Prosody of some Latin Words." Hermathena Vol. 4, No. 9, pp. 402-412 (11 pages), page 406. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23036279
- ^ Postgate, J.P. (1917) "Adnotanda in Latin Prosody." The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 4 (Oct., 1917), pp. 169-178 (10 pages); page 172
- ^ Adams, J.N. (1990) The Latin Sexual Vocabulary[1], JHU Press, →ISBN, page 31
- ^ Williams, Craig A (1999) Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity[2], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 272
- ^ Cowan, Robert. (2014) "Cinna's Trouser Snake - or the Biter Bit? Alternative Interpretations of Cinna fr. 12 FRP", Antichthon 48, 95-108; page 104
Further reading
- “natrix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “natrix”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- natrix in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- natrix in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
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