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意味

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cuius

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/05/14 11:21 UTC 版)

語源 1

From the earlier quoius (the standard spelling until the early Empire), either from Proto-Italic *kʷojjos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷosyo secondarily marked with the gen. sg. *-s, or from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-s-yo-s, a thematic adjective like Ancient Greek ποῖος (poîos, “of what sort?”) and Oscan púiiu (“cuia”), púiieh (“cuius”). The latter is more likely, since if the adjectival use had been a later development, it is hard to explain why eius, with its adjective counterpart suus, did not share this development. This genitive formation (probably original in pronouns) also appears in nominal forms like VALESIOSIO (on the Lapis Satricanus, early 5th c. BC), but in these it was ultimately displaced by -ī.

別の表記

cujus, cuiius, cuijus, cujjus (typographic variants)
quoius, quoiius, quoijus (Republican spelling)

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkʊj.jʊs]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkuː.jus]
Note: although the first vowel is a short /u/, it is often spelled with a macron in sources that use macrons to indicate long syllables rather than long vowels. The first syllable is made long by its final [j].

代名詞

cuius

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter singular of quī

派生した語

→⇒ Italian: cuiusso

語源 2

Same as Etymology 1.

代名詞

cuius

genitive masculine/feminine/neuter singular of quis

語源 3

Depending on Etymology 1, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-s-yo-s (“of what kind”), or less likely a reinterpretation of the genitive. These forms were considered rustic by some and even mocked (see example), yet survive into Romance.

限定詞

cuius (feminine cuia, neuter cuium); first/second-declension determiner

(interrogative) whose?
- perh. before 4th c. CE, Numitorius, Antibucolica 1.1, (fragment conserved in Donatus' Vita Vergiliana):
  
  Tītyre, sī toga calda tibi est, quō tegmine fāgī?
  Dīc mihi, Dāmoetā, 'cuium pecus' anne Latīnum?
  Nōn, vērum Aegōnis nostrī; sīc rūre locuntur.
  
  Say, Tityrus, if your toga is hot, what do you need the cover of the beech tree for?
  Tell me, Damoetas, is "whose cattle" even a Latin expression?
  No, it's my friend Aegon's; that's how they talk in the countryside.
(relative) whose
- c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Apologia 1.3:
  
  Sustineō enim nōn modo meam, vērum etiam philosophiae dēfēnsiōnem, cuia magnitūdō vel minimam reprehēnsiōnem prō maximō crīmine aspernātur.
  
  I am undertaking not just a defence of myself, but one of Philosophy too, whose greatness rejects even the smallest blame as if it were the greatest crime.

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular				plural
nominative	cuius	cuia	cuium		cuiī	cuiae	cuia
genitive	cuiī	cuiae	cuiī		cuiōrum	cuiārum	cuiōrum
dative	cuiō	cuiae	cuiō		cuiīs
accusative	cuium	cuiam	cuium		cuiōs	cuiās	cuia
ablative	cuiō	cuiā	cuiō		cuiīs
vocative	cuie	cuia	cuium		cuiī	cuiae	cuia

派生した語

Galician: cuxo
Portuguese: cujo
Sardinian: cuju
Old Spanish: cuyo
- Spanish: cuyo

参照

^ Bakkum, G.C.L.M (2009) The Latin dialect of the Ager Faliscus: 150 years of scholarship‎, →ISBN, pages 133-134
^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin‎, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 159
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 194, 375.1

Further reading

“cujus (1)”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“cujus (2)”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“cuius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
cujus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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